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Campbell, L.; Hongbin Liu; Nolla, H.A.; Vaulot, D. : Annual variability of phytoplankton and bacteria in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA during the 1991- 1994 ENSO event : Deep-Sea Research, Part I, v44/2, 167-192, 1997
Cane, M.A. : El Niņo : Monograph: Annual Review Of Earth And Planetary Sciences. Vol. 14, PP 43-70 / Editor: Wetherill, G.W.; et al., 1986
Cane, M.A. : Modeling sea level during El Niņo : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.14, no.12, p. 1864-74, 1984
Cane, M.A. : Oceanographic events during El Niņo : Science, vol.222, no.4629, p. 1189-95, 1983
Cane, M A ; Clement, A ; Kaplan, A ; Kushnir, Y ; Pozdnyakov, D ; Seager, R ; Zebiak, S E ; Murtugudde, R : 20th-Century Sea-Surface Temperature Trends : Science V. 275 No. 5302 97 Feb 14 P. 957-960, 1996
Cane, M.A.; Munnich, M.; Zebiak, S.E. : A study of self-excited oscillations of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. I. Linear analysis, (Results for implications for El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation are discussed) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.47, no.13, p. 1562-77, 1990
Cane, M.A.; Zebiak, S.E. : A theory for El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation : Science, vol.228, no.4703, p. 1085-7, 1985
Cane, M.A.; Zebiak, S.E.; Dolan, S.C. : Experimental forecasts of El Niņo : Nature, vol.321, no.6073, p. 827-32, 1986
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Carrasco, S.; Santander, H. : The El Niņo event and its influence on the zooplankton off Peru : Journal of Geophysical Research, v92 C13, pp 14,405-14,410, 1987
Carriquiry, J. D.; Risk, M. J.; Schwarcz, H. P. : Stable isotope geochemistry of corals from Costa Rica as proxy indicators of the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) : Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v58 n1, pp 335-351, 1994
Castilla, J. C.; Camus, P. A. : The Humboldt - El Niņo scenario: coastal benthic resources and anthropogenic influences, with particular reference to the 1982/83 ENSO : South African Journal of Marine Science, v12, pp 703-712, 1992
Caviedes, C.N. : Five hundred years of hurricanes in the Caribbean: their relationship with global climatic variabilities, (it is found that lesser numbers of hurricanes occur during El Niņo conditions in the tropical Pacific and increased numbers tend to develop during Anti-Nino episodes) : GeoJournal, vol.23, no.4, p. 301-10, 1991
Caviedes, C.N. : Emergency and institutional crisis in Peru during El Niņo 1982-1983 : Disasters, v9 n1, pp 70-74, 1985
Caviedes, C.N. : El Niņo 1982-83 : Geographical Review, v74 n3, pp 267-290, 1984
Caviedes, C.N. : Geography and the lessons from El Niņo : Professional Geographer, v36 n4, pp 428-436, 1984
Caviedes, C.N.; Waylen, P. R. : Anomalous westerly winds during El Niņo events: the discovery and colonization of Easter Island : Applied Geography, v13 n2, pp 123-134, 1993
Caviedes, C.N.; Waylen, P. R. : El Niņo and annual floods in the rivers of the north of Peru : Bulletin - Institut Francais des Etudes Andines, v16 n1-2, pp 1-19, 1987
Cayan, D. R.; Webb, R. H. : El Niņo / Southern Oscillation and streamflow in the western United States : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 29-68 / Editor: Diaz, H.F.; Markgraf, V., 1993
Chan, J.C.L. : Tropical cyclone activity in the northwest Pacific in relation to the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation phenomenon : Monthly Weather Review, vol.113, no.4, p. 599-606, 1985
Chang, H.-R.; Webster, P.J. : Energy accumulation and emanation at low latitudes. II. Nonlinear response to strong episodic equatorial forcing : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.47, no.22, p. 2624-44, 1990
Chang Ping; Ji Link; Li Hong; Flugel, M. : Chaotic dynamics versus stochastic processes in El Niņo - Southern Oscillation in coupled ocean-atmosphere models : Physica D, vol.98, no.2-4, p. 301-20, 1996
Chao, B. F. : Length-of-Day Variations Caused by El Niņo-Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation : Science, v 243 n 4893 Page: 923, 1989
Chao Jiping; Wang Xiaoxi; Chen Yingyi; Wang Lizhi : Monthly and seasonal numerical forecasts by using the anomaly ocean-atmosphere coupled model, (Monthly predictions for eight winter months during 1976-77 and 1982-3 El Niņo events were performed by using a three-layer anomalous filtered model (AFM) in which transient Rossby waves were filtered) : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.44, no.4, p. 417-25, 1986
Chao Jiping; Zhang Renhe : The air-sea interaction waves in the tropics and their instabilities, (a possible explanation to ENSO events is given in terms of the air-sea interaction waves) : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.48, no.1, p. 46-54, 1990
Chapman Conference on El Niņo : Chapman Conference on El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, 1987
Chavez, F.P. : Forcing and biological impact of onset of the 1992 El Niņo in central California : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.3, p. 265-8, 1996
Chavez, F.P.; Barber, R.T.; Soldi, H. : Propagated temperature changes during onset and recovery of the 1982-3 El Niņo : Nature, vol.309, no.5963, p. 47-9, 1984
Cheang, B.K. : Interannual variability of monsoons in Malaysia and its relationship with ENSO : Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.102, no.1, p. 219-39, 1993
Chelliah, M. : The global climate for September-November 1992: weak warm ENSO episode conditions linger in the tropical Pacific : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.10, p. 1565-80, 1994
Chelliah, M. : The global climate for December 1990-February 1991: strong temperature and precipitation contrasts over North America and Eurasia: mixed ENSO conditions in the tropics : Journal of Climate, v6 n7, pp 1392-1412, 1993
Chelliah, M. : Seasonal climate summary. The Global climate for December 1990-February 1991: strong temperature and precipitation contrasts over North America and Eurasia: mixed ENSO conditions in the tropics : Journal of Climate, vol.6, no.7, p. 1392-1412, 1993
Chelton, D. B.; Bernal, P. A.; Mcgowan, J. A. : Large-scale interannual physical and biological interaction in the California Current ( El Niņo) : Journal of Marine Research, v40 n4, pp 1095-1125, 1982
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Chen, B; Smith, S R; Bromwich, D H : Evolution Of The Tropospheric Split Jet Over The South-Pacific Ocean During The 1986-89 Enso Cycle : Monthly Weather Review V. 124 No. 8 P. 1711-1731, 1996
Chen, D. ; Zebiak, S.E.; Busalacchi, A.J.; Cane, M.A. : An improved procedure for El Niņo forecasting: implications for predictability : Science, vol.269, no.5231, p. 1699-702, 1995
Chen Lie-Ting : Relationship between the Northern Oscillation and monsoon rainfall in east China and air temperature in North America, (This paper studies the influence of ENSO on Northern Hemisphere circulation, rainfall anomalies and temperature) : Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.36, no.7, p. 592-6, 1991
Chen Longxun,; Shao Yongning : Variations of 30-60 day oscillation in atmosphere before and during 1982 El Niņo : Acta Meteorological Sinica, v5 n4, pp 397-410, 1991
Chen Longxun,; Xu Jun : Numerical experiment on the seasonal variation of global ocean and the El Niņo process. Part I: control experiment on the seasonal variation of global ocean : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v8 n2, pp 125-135, 1994
Chen, T C ; Yen, M C ; Pfaendtner, J ; Sud, Y C : A Complementary Depiction Of The Interannual Variation Of Atmospheric Circulation Associated With Enso Events : Atmosphere-Ocean V. 34 No. 2 P. 417-433, 1996
Chen, W.Y. : The climate of spring 1983-a season with persistent global anomalies associated with El Niņo : Monthly Weather Review, vol.111, no.12, p. 2371-84, 1983
Cheney, R.E.; Miller, L.L. : Recovery of the sea level signal in the western tropical Pacific from Geosat altimetry, (These new sea level records provide an improved description of the western Pacific prior to and during the 1986-1987 El Niņo) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C3, p. 2977-84, 1990
Cheney, R.E.; Miller, L.L.; Douglas, B.C.; Agreen, R.W. : Monitoring equatorial Pacific sea level with GEOSAT, (working with GEOSAT data at APL to search for relationships between sea-level variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niņo) : Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, vol.8, no.2, p. 245-50, 1987
Chertock, B.; Frouin, R.; Somerville, R.C.J. : Global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface: climatological variability and the 1982-1983 El Niņo : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.6, p. 639-50, 1991
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Childers, D. L.; Day Jr, J. W.; Muller, R. A. : Relating climatological forcing to coastal water levels in Louisiana estuaries and the potential importance of El Niņo-Southern Oscillation events : Climate Research, v1 n1, pp 31-42, 1990
Childs, I.R.W.; Hastings, P.A.; Auliciens, A. : The acceptance of long-range weather forecasts: a question of perception?, (Results from the survey, which was conducted prior to the release of ENSO-based long-range forecasts in Australia) : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.39, no.2, p. 105-12, 1991
Chiswell, S.M.; Watts, D.R. : Inverted echo sounder observations of variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1982-3 El Niņo : Deep-Sea Research, Part A (Oceanographic Research Papers), vol.34, no.3A, p. 313-27, 1987
Chiswell, S.M.; Watts, D.R.; Wimbush, M. : Using inverted echo sounders to measure dynamic height in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1982-1983 El Niņo : Deep-Sea Research, Part A (Oceanographic Research Papers), vol.33, no.7A, p. 981-91, 1986
Chu, P.-S.; Frederick, J.; Nash, A.J. : Exploratory analysis of surface winds in the equatorial western Pacific and El Niņo : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.11, p. 1087-102, 1991
Chongyin, Li : Interaction between Anomalous Winter Monsoon in East Asia and El Niņo Events : Advances in atmospheric sciences, v 7 n 1 Page: 36, 1990
Chowdhury, A.; Mhasawade, S.V. : Variations in meteorological floods during summer monsoon over India, (Relationships with the El Niņo phenomena are examined) : Mausam, vol.42, no.2, p. 167-70, 1991
Chunzai Wang; Weisberg, R.H. : On the "slow mode" mechanism in ENSO-related coupled ocean-atmosphere models : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.11, p. 1657-67, 1994
Clark, L.; Schreiber, R. W.; Schreiber, E. A. : Pre- and Post-El Niņo Southern Oscillation Comparison of Nest Sites for Red-tailed Tropicbirds Breeding in the Central Pacific Ocean : The condor, v 92 n 4 Page: 886, 1990
Clarke, A.J. : On the reflection and transmission of low-frequency energy at the irregular western Pacific Ocean boundary : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, suppl., p. 3289-305, 1991
Clarke, A.J.; Van Gorder, S. : On ENSO coastal currents and sea levels : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.24, no.3, p. 661-80, 1994
Codispoti, L.A., et al. : High nitrite levels off northern Peru: a signal of instability in the marine denitrification rate, (Causes for the unusual conditions may include a cold anomaly that followed the 1982-3 El Niņo) : Science, vol.233, no.4769, p. 1200-2, 1986
Coffroth, M. A.; Lasker, H. R.; Oliver, J. K. : Coral mortality outside of the eastern Pacific during 1982-1983: relationship to El Niņo : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 141-182 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Cole, J.E.; Fairbanks, R.G. : The Southern Oscillation recorded in the delta /sup 18/O of corals from Tarawa Atoll : Paleoceanography, vol.5, no.5, p. 669-83, 1990
Cole, J.E.; Shen, G. T.; Fairbanks, R. G.; Moore, M. : Coral monitors of El Niņo/Southern Oscillation dynamics across the equatorial Pacific : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 349-375 / Editor: Diaz, H. F.; Markgraf, V., 1993
Colgan, M. W. : El Niņo and the history of eastern Pacific reef building : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 183-232 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Congbin Fu; Diaz, H.F.; Fletcher, J.O. : Characteristics of the response of sea surface temperature in the central Pacific associated with warm episodes of the Southern Oscillation : Monthly Weather Review, vol.114, no.9, p. 1716-38, 1986
Cook, E. R. : Using tree rings to study past El Niņo/Southern Oscillation influences on climate : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 203-214 / Editor: Diaz, H.F.; Markgraf, V., 1993
Costa, D. P.; Antonelis, G. A.; DeLong, R. L. : Effects of El Niņo on the Foraging Energetics of the California Sea Lion : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 156-165, 1991
Cota, S. S.; Borrego, S. A. : The 'El Niņo' effect on the phytoplankton of a north-western Baja California coastal lagoon : Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science, v27 n1, pp 109-115, 1988
Cowles, T.J.; Barber, R.T.; Guillen, O. : Biological consequences of the 1975 El Niņo : Science, vol.195, no.4275, p. 285-7, 1977
Cruz, J. B.; Felipe, C. : Effect of El Niņo-Southern Oscillation Conditions on Nestling Growth rate in the Dark-rumped Petrel : The Condor; a magazine of western ornitholology, v 92 n 1 Page: 160, 1990
Cucalon, E. : Oceanographic variability off Ecuador associated with an El Niņo event in 1982-3 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14309-22, 1987
Cullather, R.I.; Bromwich, D.H.; Van Woert, M.L. : Interannual variations in Antarctic precipitation related to El Niņo-Southern Oscillation : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, no.D14, p. 19109- 18, 1996
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Dandonneau, Y. : Monitoring the sea surface chlorophyll concentration in the tropical Pacific: consequences of the 1982-83 El Niņo : Fishery Bulletin, v84 n3, pp 687-695, 1986
D'Arrigo, R. D.; Jacoby, G. C. : A tree-ring reconstruction of New Mexico winter precipitation and its relation to El Niņo/Southern Oscillation events : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 243-257 / Editor: Diaz, H.F.; Markgraf, V., 1993
D'Arrigo, R. D.; Jacoby, G. C. : A 1000-year record of winter precipitation from northwestern New Mexico, USA: a reconstruction from tree-rings and its relation to El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation : The holocene : an interdisciplinary journal, v 1 n 2 Page: 95, 1991
Davey, M.K.; Anderson, D.L.T.; Lawrence, S. : A simulation of variability of ENSO forecast skill : Journal of Climate, vol.9, no.1, p. 240-6, 1996
Davydov, G I; Polonskii, A B : Ocean-Atmosphere Variability In The Australo-Asiatic Region In Connection With The El Niņo Southern Oscillation : Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Fizika Atmosfery I Okeana V. 32 No. 3 P. 383-396, 1996
Dayton, P. K.; Tegner, M. J. : Bottoms beneath troubled waters: benthic impacts of the 1982-1984 El Niņo in the temperate zone : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 433-472 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Dayton, P. K.; Tegner, M. J. : Catastrophic storms, El Niņo, and patch stability in a southern California kelp community : Science, v224 n4646, pp 283-285, 1984
De La Lanza, G.; Galindo E., I. : ENSO 1986-87 at Mexican subtropical Pacific offshore waters : Atmosfera, v2 n1, pp 17-30, 1989
Del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez, M.; Enfield, D.B. : Propagation and forcing of high-frequency sea level variability along the west coast of South America, (they vary either with season or between the 1982-3 ENSO period and non-ENSO years) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14323-34, 1987
Delavaud, C. C. : Concerning the catastrophic floods in the north of Peru: 'El Niņo', myth and reality : Revista Geografica, v101, pp 133-139, 1985
Delcroix, T.; Boulanger, J.-P.; Masia, F.; Menkes, C. : Geosat-derived sea level and surface current anomalies in the equatorial Pacific during the 1986-1989 El Niņo and La Nina : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, no.C12, p. 25093-107, 1994
Delecluse, P.; Servain, J.; Levy, C.; Arpe, K.; Bengtsson, L. : On the connection between the 1984 Atlantic warm event and the 1982-1983 ENSO : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.46A, no.4, p. 448-64, 1994
DeLong, R. L.; Antonelis, G. A. : Impact of the 1982-1983 El Niņo on the Northern Fur Seal Population at San Miguel Island, California : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 75-83, 1991
DeLong, R. L.; Antonelis, G. A.; Oliver, C. W.; Stewart, B. S.; Lowry, M. S.; Yochem, P. K. : Effects of the 1982-1983 El Niņo on Several Population Parameters and Diet of California Sea Lions on the California Channel Islands : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 166-172, 1991
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Denhard, M.; Graf, H.-F.; Kirchner, I.; Schonwiese, C.-D. : Volcanic and El Niņo signal separation in GCM simulations with neural networks : Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, vol.69, no.2, p. 285-95, 1996
Deng-Hua Wu; Anderson, D.L.T.; Davey, M.K. : ENSO prediction experiments using a simple ocean-atmosphere model : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.46A, no.4, p. 465-80, 1994
Depetris, P.J.; Kempe, S. : The impact of the El Niņo 1982 event on the Parana River, its discharge and carbon transport : Global and Planetary Change, vol.3, no.3, p. 239-44, 1990
Depetris, P J; Kempe, S; Latif, M; Mook, W G : Enso-Controlled Flooding In The Parana-River (1904 1991) : Naturwissenschaften V. 83 No. 3 P. 127-129, 1996
Derr, V. E.; Slutz, R. J. : Prediction of El Niņo events in the Pacific by means of neural networks : AI Applications, v8 n2, pp 51-63, 1994
Deser, C.; Wallace, J.M. : Large-scale atmospheric circulation features of warm and cold episodes in the tropical Pacific : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.11, p. 1254-81, 1990
Deser, C.; Wallace, J.M. : El Niņo events and their relation to the Southern Oscillation: 1925-86 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14189-96, 1987
Dessier, A.; Donguy, J. R. : Response to El Niņo signals of the epiplanktonic copepod populations in the eastern tropical Pacific : Journal of Geophysical Research, v92 C13, pp 14,393-14,403, 1987
DeVries, T.J. : A review of geological evidence for ancient El Niņo activity in Peru : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14471-9, 1987
DeWeaver, E.; Nigam, S. : Influence of mountain ranges on the mid-latitude atmospheric response to El Niņo events : Nature, vol.378, no.6558, p. 706-8, 1995
Dewitte, B; Perigaud, C : El Niņo La Nina Events Simulated With Cane And Zebiaks Model And Observed With Satellite Or In-Situ Data .2. Model Forced With Observations : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 6 P. 1188-1207, 1996
Diaz, H. F.; Markgraf, V. : El Niņo: historical and paleoclimatic aspects of the Southern Oscillation : Monograph: 476 pp / Publisher: (Cambridge University Press), 1993
Diaz, H. F.; Pulwarty, R. S. : A comparison of Southern Oscillation and El Niņo signals in the tropics : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 175-192 / Editor: Diaz, H.F.; Markgraf, V., 1993
Dickey, J.O.; Marcus, S.L.; Hide, R.; Eubanks, T.M.; Boggs, D.H. : Angular momentum exchange among the solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans: a case study of the 1982-1983 El Niņo event : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, no.B12, p. 23921-37, 1994
Dillon, M. O.; Rundel, P. W. : The botanical response of the Atacama and Peruvian Desert floras to the 1982-83 El Niņo event : Monograph: In: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 487-504 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
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Dong Keqin,; Holland, G. J. : A global view of the relationship between ENSO and tropical cyclone frequencies : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v8 n1, pp 19-29, 1994
Donguy, J.R. : Recent advances in the knowledge of the climatic variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean, (an area particularly sensitive to interannual oscillations associated with El Niņo) : Progress in Oceanography, vol.19, no.1, p. 49-85, 1987
Donguy, J.R.; Dessier, A.; Du Penhoat, Y. : Heat contnent displacement in the Pacific during the 1982-1983 El Niņo event : Oceanologica acta, v 12 n 3 Page: 149, 1989
Donguy, J.R.; Henin, C. : Climatic teleconnections in the western South Pacific with El Niņo phenomenon : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.10, no.12, p. 1952-8, 1980
Donguy, J.R.; Henin, C. : Surface conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific related to the intertropical convergence zone of the winds, (During El Niņo, the surface salinity is affected by the position of the intertropical convergence zone) : Deep-Sea Research, Part A (Oceanographic Research Papers), vol.27, no.9A, p. 693-714, 1980
Donguy, J.R.; Henin, C. : Hydroclimatic anomalies in the South Pacific, (Some six months after the appearance of the 'El Niņo' phenomenon in the Eastern Pacific, a hydroclimatic anomaly is observed in the Western Pacific) : Oceanologica Acta, vol.1, no.1, p. 25-30, 1978
Donguy, J.R.; Henin, C.; Morliere, A.; Rebert, J.P. : Thermal changes in the western tropical Pacific in relation to the wind field, (Alternate long periods of lifting and deepening of the thermocline appear in the western Pacific that may be roughly related to El Niņo) : Deep-Sea Research, Part A (Oceanographic Research Papers), vol.29, no.7A, p. 869-92, 1982
Donguy, J.R.; Meyers, G. : Observed and modelled topography of the 20 degrees C isotherm in the tropical Pacific, (Florida State University tropical ocean model) : Oceanologica Acta, vol.10, no.1, p. 41-8, 1987
Dovgalyuk, V.V.; Klimenko, V.V. : On long-term variations in the intensity of El Niņo occurrences : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.25, p. 3771-4, 1996
Druffel, E. R. M.; Dunbar, R. B.; Wellington, G. M.; Minnis, S. A. : Reef-building corals and identification of ENSO warming episodes : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 233-253 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Du Penhoat, Y.; Cane, M.A. : Effect of low-latitude western boundary gaps on the reflection of equatorial motions, (results suggest that the realistic boundary will not greatly alter expectations based on a simple solid boundary if the reflections important for El Niņo are primarily in motion, represented by low-order Rossby modes) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, suppl., p. 3307-22, 1991
Du Penhoat, Y.; Delcroix, T.; Picaut, J. : Interpretation of Kelvin/Rossby waves in the equatorial Pacific from model-Geosat data intercomparison during the 1986-1987 El Niņo : Oceanologica Acta, v15 n5, pp 545-554, 1992
Dudley, N. J.; Hearn, A. B. : El Niņo effects hurt Namoi irrigated cotton growers, but they can do little to ease the pain : Agricultural Systems, v42 n1-2, pp 103-126, 1993
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Eakin, C M : Where Have All The Carbonates Gone A Model Comparison Of Calcium-Carbonate Budgets Before And After The 1982-1983 El Niņo At Uva-Island In The Eastern Pacific : Coral Reefs V. 15 No. 2 P. 109-119, 1996
Eckert, C.; Latif, M. : Predictability of a stochastically forced hybrid coupled model of El Niņo : Max-Planck-Inst. Meteorol., Report No: 202, 1996
Efimov, V.V.; Prusov, A.V.; Shokurov, M.V. : Patterns of interannual variability defined by a cluster analysis and their relation with ENSO : Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.121, no.527, p. 1651-79, 1995
Elsner, J.B.; Tsonis, A.A. : Nonlinear dynamics established in the ENSO : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, no.3, p. 213-16, 1993
Elsner, J.B.; Tsonis, A.A. : Do bidecadal oscillations exist in the global temperature record? : Nature, vol.353, no.6344, p. 551-3, 1991
Emery, W.J.; Hamilton, K. : Atmospheric forcing of interannual variability in the northeast Pacific Ocean: connections with El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.C1, p. 857-68, 1985
Emery, W.J.; Royer, T.C.; Reynolds, R.W. : The anomalous tracks of North Pacific drifting buoys 1981 to 1983, (anomalous buoy tracks and sea-level pressure patterns occurred in late 1981 and early 1982 just prior to the ENSO event of 1982 to 1983) : Deep-Sea Research, Part A (Oceanographic Research Papers), vol.32, no.3A, p. 315-47, 1985
Enfield, D.B. : Relationship of inter-American rainfall to tropical Atlantic and Pacific SST variability : Geophys Res Lett, 1996, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. 3305-3308, 1996
Enfield, D.B. : Historical and prehistorical overview of El Niņo/Southern Oscillation : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 95-117 / Editor: Diaz, H.F., 1993
Enfield, D.B. : El Niņo, Past And Present : Reviews of geophysics, v 27 n 1 Page: 159, 1989
Enfield, D.B. : Progress in understanding El Niņo : Endeavour, New Series, vol.11, no.4, p. 197-204, 1987
Enfield, D.B.; Allen, J.S. : On the structure and dynamics of monthly mean sea level anomalies along the Pacific Coast of North and South America, (The positive and negative sea level anomalies, corresponding to El Niņo-anti El Niņo cycles, are well correlated throughout the tropics of both hemispheres and are detectable at the California stations) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.10, no.4, p. 557-78, 1980
Enfield, D.B.; Cid, L.S. : Low-frequency changes in El Niņo-Southern Oscillation : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.12, p. 1137-46, 1991
Enfield, D.B.; del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez, M.; Smith, R.L.; Newberger, P.A. : The equatorial source of propagating variability along the Peru coast during the 1982-3 El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14335-46, 1987
Estoque, M. A.; Luque, J.; Chandeck-Monteza, M.; Garcia, J. : Effects of El Niņo on Panama rainfall : Geofisica Internacional, v24 n3, pp 355-381, 1985
Evans, J.L.; Allan, R.J. : El Niņo/Southern Oscillation modification to the structure of the monsoon and tropical cyclone activity in the Australasian region : International Journal of Climatology, vol.12, no.6, p. 611-23, 1992
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Fairbridge, R. W. : Solar and Lunar cycles Embedded in the El Niņo Periodicities : Cycles, v 41 n 2 Page: 65, 1990
Feely, R.A.; Gammon, R.H.; Taft, B.A.; Pullen, P.E.; Waterman, L.S.; Conway, T.J.; Gendron, J.F.; Wisegarver, D.P. : Distribution of chemical tracers in the eastern equatorial Pacific during and after the 1982-1983 El Niņo/Southern Oscillation event : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C6, p. 6545-58, 1987
Feely, R.A.; Wanninkhof, R.; Cosca, C.E.; McPhaden, M.J.; Byrne, R.H.; Millero, F.J.; Chavez, F.P.; Clayton, S.T.; Campbell, D.M.; Murphy, P.P. : The effect of tropical instability waves on CO/sub 2/ species distributions along the Equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1992 ENSO event : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, no.4, p. 277-80, 1994
Fei-Fei Jin; Neelin, J.D.; Ghil, M. : El Niņo on the devil's staircase: annual subharmonic steps to chaos : Science, vol.264, no.5155, p. 70-2, 1994
Feingold, J S : Coral Survivors Of The 1982-83 El Niņo Southern-Oscillation, Galapagos-Islands, Ecuador : Coral Reefs V. 15 No. 2 P. 108, 1996
Feldkamp, S. D.; DeLong, R. L.; Antonelis, G. A. : Effects of El Niņo 1983 on the Foraging Patterns of California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) near San Miguel Island, California : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 146-155, 1991
Feldman, G.; Clark, D.; Halpern, D. : Satellite color observations of the phytoplankton distribution in the eastern Equatorial Pacific during the 1982-1983 El Niņo (Galapagos Islands) : Science, v226 n4678, pp 1069-1071, 1984
Fennessy, M.J.; Shukla, J. : Comparison of the impact of the 1982/83 and 1986/87 Pacific SST anomalies on time-mean predictions of atmospheric circulation, (The primary focus of the study is to contrast the impact of the El Niņo Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies observed during the Northern Hemisphere winters of 1982/83 and 1986/87 on predictions with a global general circulation model ) : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.4, p. 407-23, 1991
Fiedler, P.C. : Satellite observations of the 1982-1983 El Niņo along the US Pacific coast : Science, vol.224, no.4654, p. 1251-4, 1984
Fiedler, P.C.; Methot, R. D.; Hewitt, R. P. : Effects of California El Niņo 1982-1984 on the northern anchovy : Journal of Marine Research, v44 n2, pp 317-338, 1986
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Finney, B. R. : Anomalous westerlies, El Niņo, and the colonization of Polynesia : American Anthropologist, v87 n1, pp 9-26, 1985
Firing, E.; Lukas, R.; Sadler, J.; Wyrtki, K. : Equatorial undercurrent disappears during 1982-3 El Niņo : Science, vol.222, no.4628, p. 1121-3, 1983
Fleer, H.; Schweitzer, B.; Raatz, W. : Rainfall fluctuations in India and Sri Lanka and large-scale rainfall anomalies, (There appears to be a linkage between the recurrent Indian droughts and the El Niņo phenomena along the west coast of South America) : Mausam, vol.35, no.2, p. 135-44, 1984
Flis, L. : Using El Niņo Events in forecasting gas markets : Rocky Mountain Oil Journal, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 1 & 12
Flohn, H. : Singular events and catastrophes now and in climatic history, (describes an extreme singular event of global extension such as the Super El Niņo of 1982/3) : Die Naturwissenschaften, vol.73, no.3, p. 136-49, 1986
Flugel, M.; Ping Chang : Impact of dynamical and stochastic processes on the predictability of ENSO : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.16, p. 2089-92, 1996
Fong Chao, B. : Interannual length-of-day variation with relation to the Southern Oscillation/El Niņo : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.11, no.5, p. 541-4, 1984
Fraedrich, K. : An ENSO impact on Europe? A review : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.46A, no.4, p. 541-52, 1994
Fraedrich, K. : European Grosswetter during the warm and cold extremes of the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation : International Journal of Climatology, vol.10, no.1, p. 21-31, 1990
Fraedrich, K. : El Niņo/Southern Oscillation predictability : Monthly Weather Review, v116 n5, pp 1001-1012, 1988
Fraedrich, K. : El Niņo iterations : Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, vol.60, no.1, p. 22-33, 1987
Fraedrich, K.; Muller, K. : Climatology of wavenumber-frequency spectra at the 500 mb height along 50 degrees N during the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation extremes : Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol.2, no.2, p. 80-4, 1993
Fraedrich, K.; Muller, K. : Climate anomalies in Europe associated with ENSO extremes : International Journal of Climatology, vol.12, no.1, p. 25-31, 1992
Fraedrich, K.; Muller, K.; Kuglin, R. : Northern hemisphere circulation regimes during the extremes of the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.44A, no.1, p. 33-40, 1992
Francis, J. M.; Heath, C. B. : Population Abundance, Pup Mortality, and Copulation Frequency in the California Sea Lion in Relation to the 1983 El Niņo on San Nicolas Island : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 119-128, 1991
Francis, J. M.; Heath, C. B. : The Effects of El Niņo on the Frequency and Sex Ratio of Suckling Yearlings in the California Sea Lion : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 193-204, 1991
Francou, B. : 'El Niņo' and the drought in the High Central Andes of Peru and Bolivia : Bulletin - Institut Francais des Etudes Andines, v14 n1-2, pp 1-18, 1985
Freeman, D. : Gas Price Correlation ? Geologist Charts El Niņo Effects : American Association of Petroleum Geologists Explorer, vol. 17, no. 8, p. 32-33
Fu Congbin : A review of study on El Niņo/Southern Oscillation associated with the interannual climate variability : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.11, no.2, p. 209-20, 1987
Fu Congbin,; Dong Dongfeng,; Slutz, R.; Fletcher, J. : El Niņo/Southern Oscillation signals in the global tropical ocean : Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, v5 n1, pp 35-45, 1988
Fu, R.; Del Genio, A.D.; Rossow, W.B. : Behavior of deep convective clouds in the tropical Pacific deduced from ISCCP radiances : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.10, p. 1129-52, 1990
Fu, Z.; Fletcher, J. : Two patterns of equatorial warming associated with El Niņo : Kexue Tongbao (Foreign Language Edition), vol.30, no.10, p. 1360-4, 1985
Fushimi, K. : Variation of carbon dioxide partial pressure in the western North Pacific surface water during the 1982/83 El Niņo event : Tellus, Series B, v39B n1-2, pp 214-227, 1987
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Gaffney, D. : Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (autumn 1991): early indications of the formation of El Niņo-type conditions : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.40, no.1, p. 47-52, 1992
Gaffney, D. : Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (summer 1989-90): weak warming in the western equatorial Pacific and an inactive Australian monsoon, (A weak warming in the western equatorial Pacific, a fall in the Southern Oscillation Index and shifts in other climate indices were indicative of a weak El Niņo situation) : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.39, no.1, p. 59-64, 1991
Gaffney, D.; Casey, T. : Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (autumn 1987): a season of continuing ENSO anomalies : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.35, no.4, p. 133-41, 1987
Gaffney, D.; Casey, T. : Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (summer 1986-87): a season of characteristic ENSO anomalies and low planetary wave numbers : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.35, no.2, p. 65-77, 1987
Gage, K.S. ; McAfee, J.R.; Carter, D.A.; Ecklund, W.L.; Riddle, A.C.; Reid, G.C.; Balsley, B.B. : Long-term mean vertical motion over the tropical Pacific: wind-profiling Doppler radar measurements, (Comparison of the results at Christmas Island during El Niņo and non-El Niņo conditions with earlier results) : Science, vol.254, no.5039, p. 1771-3, 1991
Gage, K.S.; Reid, G.C. : Longitudinal variations in tropical tropopause properties in relation to tropical convection and El Niņo-Southern Oscillation events : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14197-203, 1987
Gage, K.S.; Reid, G.C. : The tropical tropopause and the El Niņo of 1982-3 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, no.D12, p. 13 315-17, 1986
Gage, K.S.; Reid, G.C. : Response of the tropical tropopause to El Chichon and the El Niņo of 1982-3 : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.12, no.4, p. 195-7, 1985
Gan, M.A.; Rao, V.B. : Surface cyclogenesis over South America, (The occurrence of cyclogenesis is more during the years of negative SOI (El Niņo years) and less during the years of positive Southern Oscillation index) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.119, no.5, p. 1293-302, 1991
Gantenbein, D. : El Niņo the weathermaker : Popular Science v. 246, p. 76-8+, 1995
Gao Shiying : Analysis of changes of wind fields in the equatorial Indian and Pacific oceans in the 1972 El Niņo event : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.48, no.1, p. 108-12, 1990
Gao Shiying,; Wang Jingshu : El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v7 n4, pp 521-532, 1989
Gao Shiying,; Wang Jingshu : The strong winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niņo : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v8 n2, pp 217-221, 1989
Gao Shiying,; Wang Jingshu : Changes of equatorial wind fields in the western Pacific and El Niņo : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v7 n2, pp 214-225, 1988
Gao Shiying,; Wang Jingshu,; Ding Yihui : The triggering effect of near-equatorial cyclones on El Niņo : Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, v5 n1, pp 87-95, 1988
Garcia, O.; Singh Khalsa, S.J.; Steiner, E.J. : Atmospheric characteristics of the equatorial Pacific during the 1982-3 El Niņo, deduced from satellite and aircraft observations : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, no.D12, p. 13 217-31, 1986
Garden, G. S.; Bergin, M. A.; Butterworth, I. J.; Kingston, G. J.; Cheang, B. K.; Tan, H. V. : The tropical circulation in the Australian/Asian region - May to October 1987: the declining influence of a moderate El Niņo event : Australian Meteorological Magazine, v37 n2, pp 59-73, 1989
Gaudry, A.; Monfray, P.; Polian, G.; Lambert, G. : The 1982-1983 El Niņo: a 6 billion ton CO"SUB 2" release : Tellus, Series B, v39B n1-2, pp 209-213, 1987
Gay Garcia, C.; Conde Alvarez, C. : Global and diffuse radiation at the surface (1978-1985) Evidence of El Niņo and El Chichon : Atmosfera, v3 n4, pp 281-290, 1990
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Gentry, R. L. : El Niņo Effects on Adult Northern Fur Seals at the Pribilof Islands : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 84-93, 1991
Gerard, V. A. : Physiological effects of El Niņo on giant kelp in southern California : Marine Biology Letters, v5 n6, pp 317-322, 1984
Gibbs, H. L.; Grant, P. R. : Ecological consequences of an exceptionally strong El Niņo event on Darwin's finches : Ecology, v68 n6, pp 1735-1746, 1987
Giese, B.S. : Aspects of the Kelvin wave response to episodic wind forcing : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C5, p. 7289-312, 1990
Gill, A.E. : An estimation of sea-level and surface-current anomalies during the 1972 El Niņo and consequent thermal effects : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.13, no.4, p. 586-606, 1983
Gill, A.E. : Changes in thermal structure of the equatorial Pacific during the 1972 El Niņo as revealed by bathythermograph observations : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.12, no.12, p. 1373-87, 1982
Gill, A. E.; Phlips, P. J. : Non-linear effects on heat-induced circulation of the tropical atmosphere ( El Niņo) : Quarterly Journal - Royal Meteorological Society, v112 n471, pp 69-91, 1986
Glantz, M. H. : Forecasting El Niņo: science's gift to the 21st century : Ecodecision, v12, pp 78-81, 1994
Glantz, M. H. : Climate variability, climate change and fisheries, (Discusses: El Niņo and variability in the northeastern Pacific salmon fishery) : (Monograph) Climate variability, climate change and fisheries, (Cambridge University Press), 1992
Glantz, M. H. : Floods, fires, and famine: is El Niņo to blame? : Oceanus, v27 n2, pp 14-19, 1984
Glantz, M. H. : El Niņo - should it take the blame for disasters? : Mazingira, v8 n1, pp 21-26, 1984
Glantz, M. H. : El Niņo: lessons for coastal fisheries in Africa? : Oceanus, v23 n2, pp 9-17, 1980
Gloersen, P. : Modulation of hemispheric sea-ice cover by ENSO events : Nature, vol.373, no.6514, p. 503-6, 1995
Glynn, P.W. : Widespread coral mortality and the 1982-83 El Niņo warming event : Environmental Conservation, v11 n2, pp 133-146, 1984
Glynn, P.W.; Colgan, M. W. : Sporadic disturbances in fluctuating coral reef environments: El Niņo and coral reef development in the eastern Pacific : American Zoologist, v32 n6, pp 707-718, 1992
Glynn, P.W.; De Weerdt, W.H. : Elimination of Two Reef-Building Hydrocorals Following the 1982-83 El Niņo Warming Event : Science, v 253 n 5015 Page: 69, 1991
Glynn, P W ; Veron, J E N Wellington, G M : Clipperton Atoll (Eastern Pacific) Oceanography, Geomorphology, Reef-Building Coral Ecology And Biogeography, (Sst Anomalies At Clipperton Occur During Enso Events And Were Greater At Clipperton In 1987 Than During 1982-1983) : Coral Reefs V. 15 No. 2 P. 71-99, 1996
Gloersen, P. : Modulation of hemispheric sea-ice cover by ENSO events : Nature v. 373, p. 503-6, 1995
Godfrey, J.S. : On ocean spindown. I. A linear experiment, (Application is made to the El Niņo, and the associated global fluctuations in the atmosphere and ocean) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.5, no.3, p. 399-409, 1975
Goldberg, R.A.; Tisnado, M.G.; Scofield, R.A. : Characteristics of extreme rainfall events in northwestern Peru during the 1982-3 El Niņo period : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14225-41, 1987
Goldenberg, S B; Shapiro, L J : Physical-Mechanisms For The Association Of El Niņo And West-African Rainfall With Atlantic Major Hurricane Activity : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 6 P. 1169-1187, 1996
Golnaraghi, M.; Kaul, R. : The science of policymaking: responding to ENSO : Environment v. 37, p. 16-20+, 1995
Gopinathan, C.K.; Sastry, J.S. : Relationship between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and position of Pacific Ocean warm pool : Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, vol.19, no.4, p. 246-50, 1990
Gordon, H.B.; Hunt, B.G. : Droughts, floods, and sea-surface temperature anomalies: a modelling approach, (Three different sea-surface temperature anomaly patterns were explored, representative of both El Niņo and anti-El Niņo events) : International Journal of Climatology, vol.11, no.4, p. 347-65, 1991
Gordon, R.T.; Jasman, M.C. / Editors: Dagli, C.H.; Akay, M.; Chen, C.L.P.; Fernandez, B.R.; Ghosh, J. : Forecasting El Niņo with an artificial neural network : Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks. Vol.5. Fuzzy Logic and Evolutionary Programming, Proceedings of the Artificial Neural Networks in Engineering (ANNIE'95), p. xviii+1034, 779-84, 1995
Goswami, B.N.; Selvarajan, S. : Convergence feedback and unstable low frequency oscillations in a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model, (These results may provide a mechanism for the observed aperiodicity of the El Niņo and Southern Oscillation events) : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, no.6, p. 991-4, 1991
Goswami, B.N.; Shukla, J. : Predictability of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.1, p. 3-22, 1991
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Graf, H.-F. : Association of relative vorticity and wind anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere with the ENSO-cycle : Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, vol.63, no.2, p. 117-27, 1990
Graf, H.-F. : Cooling down of the Northern Hemisphere-a possible trigger for El Niņo/Southern Oscillation episodes : Die Naturwissenschaften, vol.73, no.5, p. 258-63, 1986
Graf, H.-F. : On the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere temperature : Gerlands Beitraege zur Geophysik, vol.95, no.1, p. 63-75, 1986
Graf, H.-F.; Funke, H. : Blocking situations in the European-Atlantic region. I. Phenomenological studies, (There is some evidence of the concentration of blocking situations in El Niņo years, meaning that the development of the blocking situations in the European-Atlantic region may well be favoured by positive anomalies of sst's in the tropical Pacific) : Zeitschrift fur Meteorologie, vol.36, no.2, p. 104-12, 1986
Graham, N.E.; Michaelsen, J.; Barnett, T.P. : An investigation of the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation cycle with statistical models. I. Predictor field characteristics : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14251-70, 1987
Graham, N.E.; Michaelsen, J.; Barnett, T.P. : An investigation of the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation cycle with statistical models. II. Model results : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14271-89, 1987
Graham, N.E.; White, W.B. : The role of the western boundary in the ENSO cycle: experiments with coupled models : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.20, no.12, p. 1935-48, 1990
Graham, N.E.; White, W. B. : The El Niņo cycle: a natural oscillator of the Pacific Ocean - atmosphere system : Science, v240 n4857, pp 1293-1302, 1988
Graham, N.E.; White, W.B.; Battisti, D.S. : Comments on 'On the role of off-equatorial oceanic Rossby waves during ENSO' (with reply) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, no.3, p. 453-65, 1991
Granger, O.E. : Anomalous California Winters and the ENSO Phenomena : Physical geography, v 9 n 3 P: 201, 1988
Grant, P. R.; Grant, B. R. : The extraordinary El Niņo event of 1982-83: effects on Darwin's finches on Isla Genovesa, Galapagos : Oikos, v49 n1, pp 55-66, 1987
Gray, W.M. : Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency. I. El Niņo and 30 mb Quasi-Biennial Oscillation influences : Monthly Weather Review, vol.112, no.9, p. 1649-68, 1984
Gray, W.M. : Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency. II. Forecasting its variability, (regional sea-level pressure data from Caribbean basin meteorological stations can be combined with the more global El Niņo and quasi-biennial oscillation information to form a forecast scheme for Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.112, no.9, p. 1669-83, 1984
Gray, W.M.; Sheaffer, J.D.; Knaff, J.A. : Hypothesized mechanism for stratospheric QBO influence on ENSO variability : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.19, no.2, p. 107-10, 1992
Gray, W.M.; Sheaffer, J.D.; Knaff, J.A. : Influence of the stratospheric QBO on ENSO variability : Journal Meteorological Society of Japan, v70 n5, pp 975-995, 1992
Grieger, B.; Latif, M. : Reconstruction of the El Niņo attractor with neural networks : Climate Dynamics, v10 n6-7, pp 267-276, 1994
Gross, R.S.; Fong Chao, B. : Excitation study of the LAGEOS-derived Chandler wobble, (study is conducted into the possible influence on the Chandler wobble of the extraordinarily strong 1982-1983 ENSO event) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.B11, p. 9369-80, 1985
Gross, R.S. ; Matcus, S.L.; Eubanks, T.M.; Dickey, J.O.; Keppenne, C.L. : Detection of an ENSO signal in seasonal variations : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.23, p. 3373-6, 1996
Gu Run-yuan; Liu Xiao-dong; Wang Yu-xi : The previous stratosphere characteristics of El Niņo : Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.37, no.10, p. 842-6, 1992
Gueri, M.; Gonzalez, C.; Morin, V. : The effect of the floods caused by ' El Niņo' on health : Disasters, v10 n2, pp 118-124, 1986
Guerra, C. G. C.; Portflitt, G. K. : El Niņo Effects on Pinnipeds in Northern Chile : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 47-54, 1991
Guetter, A K ; Georgakakos, K P : Are The El Niņo And La-Nina Predictors Of The Iowa-River Seasonal Flow : Journal Of Applied Meteorology V. 35 No. 5 P. 690-705, 1996
Guinet, C.; Jouventin, P.; Georges, J-Y. : Long term population changes of fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and Arctocephalus tropicalis on subantarctic (Crozet) and subtropical (St. Paul and Amsterdam) islands and their possible relationship to El Niņo Southern Oscillation : Antarctic Science, v6 n4, pp 473-478, 1994
Gunn, J. : Influences of various forcing variables on global energy balance during the period of intensive instrumental observation (1958-1987) and their implications for paleoclimate, (The ENSO appears to act as a hemispheric energy balancing mechanism) : Climatic Change, vol.19, no.4, p. 393-420, 1991
Guo Qiyun,; Wang Risheng : The relationship between the winter monsoon activity over east Asia and the El Niņo events : Acta Geographica Sinica, v45 n1, pp 68-77, 1990
Guoxiong Wu; Ngar-Cheung Lau : A GCM simulation of the relationship between tropical-storm formation and ENSO : Monthly Weather Review, vol.120, no.6, p. 958-77, 1992
Gushchina, D. Yu.; Semenov, E. K. : Planetary transformation of the vertical cells of tropical atmospheric circulation during the 1982-1983 El Niņo culmination : Russian Meteorology & Hydrology, v10, pp 1-7, 1994
Guzman, H. M.; Cortes, J.; Richmond, R. H.; Glynn, P. W. : Effects of 'El Niņo - Southern oscillation' 1982/83 in the coral reefs at Isla del Cano, Costa Rica : Revista de Biologia Tropical, v35 n2, pp 325-332, 1987
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Hae-Kyung Kim : A statistical analysis for El Niņo phenomenon : Oceanographical Society of Korea, v27 n1, pp 35-45, 1992
Hagen, E.; Schmager, G. : On mid-latitude air pressure variations and related SSTA fluctuations in the tropical/subtropical Northern Atlantic from 1957 to 1974, (It is concluded that inter-annual changes in the tropical/subtropical (SSTA)/sup z/ (5 degrees N-30 degrees N) are influenced by global ENSO-like variations in the ocean/atmosphere system) : Zeitschrift fur Meteorologie, vol.41, no.3, p. 176-90, 1991
Hales, S; Weinstein, P; Woodward, A : Dengue Fever Epidemics In The South-Pacific Driven By El Niņo Southern Oscillation : Lancet V. 348 No. 9042 14 P. 1664-1665, 1996
Halpern, D. : Observations of annual and El Niņo thermal and flow variations at 0 degrees , 110 degrees W and 0 degrees , 95 degrees W during 1980-1985 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C8, p. 8197-212, 1987
Hamilton, K. : A general circulation model simulation of El Niņo effects in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere stratosphere : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, no.17, p. 1803-6, 1993
Hamilton, K. : A detailed examination of the extratropical response to tropical El Niņo/ Southern Oscillation events : Journal of Climatology, v8 n1, pp 67-86, 1988
Hamilton, K.; Garcia, R. : El Niņo/Southern Oscillation events and their associated midlatitude teleconnections 1531-1841 : Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.67, no.11, p. 1354-61, 1986
Handler, P. : USA Corn Yields, The El Niņo and Agricultural Drought: 1867-1988 : International journal of climatology, v 10 n 8 Page: 819, 1990
Handler, P. : Stratospheric aerosols and the Indian monsoon, (Since the Indian monsoon is part of the ENSO system, which is, in turn, part of a larger global climate pattern, there is a good chance that stratospheric aerosols may be responsible for a large number of climate anomalies associated with the ENSO) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, no.D13, p. 14475-90, 1986
Handler, P. : Possible association between the climatic effects of stratospheric aerosols and sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, (Model calculations suggest that the occurrence of ENSO events may be related to the appearance of a stratospheric aerosol generated by volcanic eruptions) : Journal of Climatology, vol.6, no.1, p. 31-41, 1986
Handler, P. : Possible association of stratospheric aerosols and El Niņo type events : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.11, no.11, p. 1121-4, 1984
Handler, P.; Andsager, K. : Volcanic aerosols, El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation : International Journal of Climatology, vol.10, no.4, p. 413-24, 1990
Handler, P.; Handler, E. : Climatic anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean and corn yields in the United States, (association between El Niņo events and annual corn production in the United States was investigated) : Science, vol.220, no.4602, p. 1155-6, 1983
Hanna, A.F.; Stevens, D.E.; Reiter, E.R. : Short-term climate fluctuations forced by thermal anomalies, (Two sea surface temperature anomaly patterns are investigated. The first is called El Niņo) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.41, no.1, p. 122-41, 1984
Hansen, D. V. : Physical aspects of the El Niņo event of 1982-1983 : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 1-20 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Hansen, D. V.; Herman, A. : Evolution of Isotherm Depth Anomalies in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean During the El Niņo Event of 1982-1983 : Journal of geophysical research : JGR C, Ocean, v 94 n 10 Page: 14,461, 1989
Hansen, A.R.; Sutera, A.; Venne, D.E. : An examination of midlatitude power spectra. evidence for standing variance and the signature of El Niņo : Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and ocean, V 41 n 5 Page: 371, 1989
Hanson, K.; Brier, G. W.; Maul, G. A.: Evidence of Significant Nonrandom Behavior in the Recurrence of Strong El Niņo Between 1525-1988 : Geophysical research letters, v 16 n 10 Page: 1181, 1989
Hao Chunjiang,; Zhang Lin,; Xue Zhenhe,; Xie Simei : Antarctic sea ice and ENSO event : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v12 n4, pp 549-561, 1993
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Harrison, D.E. : Monthly mean island surface winds in the central tropical Pacific and El Niņo events : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.12, p. 3133-45, 1987
Harrison, D.E. : The appearance of sustained equatorial surface westerlies during the 1982 Pacific warm event : Science, vol.224, no.4653, p. 1099-102, 1984
Harrison, D.E.; Cane, M. A. : Changes in the Pacific during the 1982-83 event ( El Niņo) : Oceanus, v27 n2, pp 21-28, 1984
Harrison, D.E.; Craig, A.P. : Ocean model studies of upper-ocean variability at 0 degrees, 160 degrees W during the 1982-1983 ENSO: local and remotely forced response : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.23, no.3, p. 425-51, 1993
Harrison, D.E.; Giese, B.S.; Sarachik, E.S. : Mechanisms of SST change in the equatorial waveguide during the 1982-3 ENSO : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.2, p. 173-88, 1990
Harrison, D.E.; Larkin, N K : The Coads Sea-Level Pressure Signal A Near-Global El Niņo Composite And Time-Series View, 1946-1993 : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 12 Pt. 1 P. 3025-3055, 1996
Harrison, D.E.; Luther, D.S. : Surface winds from tropical Pacific islands-climatological statistics, (A substantial near-equatorial zonal wind variance maximum is shown to be related to ENSO period variability) : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.2, p. 251-71, 1990
Harrison, D.E.; Schopf, P.S. : Kelvin-wave-induced anomalous advection and the onset of surface warming in El Niņo events : Monthly Weather Review, vol.112, no.5, p. 923-33, 1984
Harvey, R.R.; Patzert, W.G. : Deep current measurements suggest long waves in the eastern equatorial Pacific, (During the 1975 El Niņo expedition an array of conventional and electric field type near-bottom current recorders was deployed at the equator 300 kilometers west of the Galapagos Islands) : Science, vol.193, no.4256, p. 883-5, 1976
Hasselmann, K.; Barnett, T.P. : Techniques of linear prediction for systems with periodic statistics, (methods are applied to the problem of predicting El Niņo off South America) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.38, no.10, p. 2275-83, 1982
Hastenrath, S. : Tropical climate protection: A progress report, 1985-90, (Numerical modeling has been used to advantage for the predication of El Niņo) : Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.71, no.6, p. 819-25, 1990
Haston, L.; Michaelson, J. : Long-term central coastal California precipitation variability and relationships to El Niņo-Southern Oscillation : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.9, p. 1373-87, 1994
Hayes, S.P.; Mangum, L.J.; Barber, R.T.; Huyer, A.; Smith, R.L. : Hydrographic variability west of the Galapagos Islands during the 1982-3 El Niņo : Progress in Oceanography, vol.17, no.1-2, p. 137-62, 1986
Hayes, S.P.; Ping Chang; McPhaden, M.J. : Variability of the sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific during 1986-1988, (This period coincides with the onset and development of the 1986-1987 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation warm event and a subsequent cold event in 1988) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, no.C6, p. 10553-66, 1991
Hays, C. : Effects of the 1982-83 El Niņo on Humboldt penguin colonies in Peru : Biological Conservation, v36 n2, pp 169-180, 1986
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Heath, C. B.; Ono, K. A.; Boness, D. J.; Francis, J. M. : The Influence of El Niņo on Female Attendance Patterns in the California Sea Lion : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 138-145, 1991
Hebert, D.; Moum, J.N.; Paulson, C.A.; Caldwell, D.R.; Chereskin, T.K.; McPhaden, M.J. : The role of the turbulent stress divergence in the equatorial Pacific zonal momentum balance, (From a comprehensive set of upper ocean measurements made during a moderate El Niņo in boreal spring 1987, the authors reassess the role of turbulence in transporting momentum vertically at the equator) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, no.C4, p. 7127-36, 1991
Held, I.M.; In-sik Kang : Barotropic models of the extratropical response to El Niņo : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.44, no.23, p. 3576-86, 1987
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Held, I.M.; Lyons, Steven W.; Nigam, Sumant : Transients and the Extratropical Response to El Niņo : Journal of the atmospheric sciences. v 46 n 1 Page: 163, 1989
Henin, C.; Hisard, P. : The North Equatorial Countercurrent observed during the Programme Francais Ocean Climat dans l'Atlantique Equatorial experiment in the Atlantic Ocean, July 1982 to August 1984, (Focal observations have also shown that a long-term change of NECC may occur and contribute to the development of an 'El Niņo' type event in the eastern Atlantic Ocean) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C4, p. 3751-8, 1987
Hense, A. : On the possible existence of a strange attractor for the Southern Oscillation : Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, vol.60, no.1, p. 34-47, 1987
Hense, A. : Multivariate statistical investigations of the northern hemisphere circulation during the El Niņo event 1982-3 : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.38A, no.3, p. 189-204, 1986
Hickey, B. : The relationship between fluctuations in sea level, wind stress and sea surface temperature in the Equatorial Pacific, (A detailed description of the signature of an El Niņo event on sea level, wind stress and sea surface temperature fields is given) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.5, no.3, p. 460-75, 1975
Hirono, M. : On the trigger of El Niņo Southern Oscillation by the forcing of early El Chichon volcanic aerosols : Journal of Geophysical Research, v93 D5, pp 5365-5384, 1988
Hisard, P. : The Atlantic El Niņo response revisited : Hydrologie Continentale, v5 n2, pp 87-104, 1990
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Hocquenghem, A. M.; Ortlieb, L. : Pizarro did not arrive in Peru during an El Niņo year : Bulletin - Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, v19 n2, pp 327-334, 1990
Hoerling, M.P.; Blackmon, M.L.; Ting, M.F. : Simulating the atmospheric response to the 1985-7 El Niņo cycle : Journal of Climate, vol.5, no.7, p. 669-82, 1992
Hoerling, M.P.; Ting, M.; Kumar, A. : Zonal flow-stationary wave relationship during El Niņo: implications for seasonal forecasting : Journal of Climate, vol.8, no.7, p. 1838-52, 1995
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Holden, C. : The El Niņo that won't go away : Science v. 265, p. 2006, 1994
Holden, C. : El Niņo says adios, as computers predicted : Science v. 263, Feb. 4, p. 607, 1994
Hsieh, W. W.; Hamon, B. V. : The El Niņo-Southern Oscillation in south-eastern Australian waters : Australian journal of marine and freshwater rese, v 42 n 3 Page: 263, 1991
Hsiung, J.; Newell, R.E. : The principal nonseasonal modes of variation of global sea surface temperature : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.13, no.10, p. 1957-67, 1983
Huang, J P.; Cho, H R.; North, G R : Applications Of The Cyclic Spectral-Analysis To The Surface-Temperature Fluctuations In A Stochastic Climate Model And A Gcm Simulation : Atmosphere-Ocean V. 34 No. 4 96 Dec P. 627-646, 1996
Huang Ronghui; Yan Bangliang; Gambo, K. : Role of basic flow in influence of ENSO on winter circulation over the Northern Hemisphere : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.15, no.3, p. 44-54, 1991
Huang Zhen; Tao Shiyan : Primary study on the anomaly of tropical circulations and the mechanism of El Niņo development in the summer of 1982 : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.16, no.1, p. 62-8, 1992
Huber, H. R. : Changes in the Distribution of California Sea Lions North of the Breeding Rookeries During the 1982-83 El Niņo : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 129-137, 1991
Huber, H. R.; Beckham, C.; Nisbet, J. : Effects of the 1982-83 El Niņo on Northern Elephant Seals on the South Farallon Islands, California : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 219-233, 1991
Hughes, R. A. : Notes on the effects of El Niņo on the seabirds of the Mollendo district, southwest Peru in 1983 : Ibis, v127 n3, pp 385-388, 1985
Hurlburt, H.E.; Kindle, J.C.; O'Brien, J.J. : A numerical simulation of the onset of El Niņo : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.6, no.5, p. 621-31, 1976
Huyer, A.; Smith, R.L. : The signature of El Niņo off Oregon, 1982-3 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.C4, p. 7133-42, 1985
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Iglesias, A ; Erda, L ; Rosenzweig, C : Climate-Change In Asia A Review Of The Vulnerability And Adaptation Of Crop Production, (In South And Southeast Asia, There Is Concern About How Climate Change May Affect El Niņo/Southern Oscillation Events, Since These Play A Key Role In Determining Agricultural Production) : Water Air And Soil Pollution V. 92 No. 1-2 P. 13-27, 1996
In-Sik Kang; Ngar-Cheung Lau : Principal modes of atmospheric variability in model atmospheres with and without anomalous sea surface temperature forcing in the tropical Pacific, (In the second experiment (the 'SST runs'), the sea surface temperature conditions in the tropical Pacific Basin were prescribed to follow the actual month-to-month changes observed during the period 1962-76, which encompasses several El Niņo events) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.43, no.22, p. 2719-35, 1986
Inoue, H Y ; Ishii, M ; Matsueda, H ; Ahoyama, M ; Asanuma, I : Changes In Longitudinal Distribution Of The Partial-Pressure Of Co2 (Pco(2)) In The Central And Western Equatorial Pacific, West Of 160-Degrees-W, (Results Indicate That The Area Showing Higher Surface Pco(2) Values Correlates With The Soi) : Geophysical Research Letters V. 23 No. 14 1 P. 1781-1784, 1996
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Inoue, M.I.; O'Brien, J.J.; White, W.B.; Pazan, S.Z. : Interannual variability in the tropical Pacific for the period 1979-82 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C11, p. 11671-9, 1987
Inoue, H.Y. ; Sugimura, Y. : Variations and distributions of CO/sub 2/ in and over the equatorial Pacific during the period from the 1986/88 El Niņo event to the 1988/89 La Nina event : Tellus, Series B (Chemical and Physical Meteorology), vol.44B, no.1, p. 1-22, 1992
International Conference on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, its Sources, Sinks and Global Transport : International Conference on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, its Sources, Sinks and Global Transport, (topics were dealt with included CO/sub 2/ release during the 1982-1983 El Niņo) : Tellus, Series B (Chemical and Physical Meteorology), vol.39B, no.1-2, 1987
Isdale, P.; Kotwicki, V. : Lake Eyre and the Great Barrier Reef: a paleohydrological ENSO connection : South Australian Geographical Journal, v87, pp 44-55, 1987
Ismail, S.A. : Long-range seasonal rainfall forecast for Zimbabwe and its relation with El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) : Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol.38, no.2, p. 93-102, 1987
Iverson, S. J.; Oftedal, O. T.; Boness, D. J. : The Effect of El Niņo on Pup Development in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) II. Milk Intake : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 180-184, 1991
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Jacobs, G.A.; Hurlburt, H.E.; Kindle, J.C.; Metzger, E.J.; Mitchell, J.L.; Teague, W.J.; Wallcraft, A.J. : Decade-scale trans-Pacific propagation and warming effects of an El Niņo anomaly : Nature, vol.370, no.6488, p. 360-3, 1994
Janicot, S.; Moron, V.; Fontaine, B. : Sahel droughts and ENSO dynamics : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.5, p. 515-18, 1996
Janowiak, J.E. : The global climate for September-November 1991: warm (ENSO) episode conditions strengthen : Journal of Climate, v6 n8, pp 1616-1638, 1993
Janowiak, J.E. : The global climate of December 1989-February 1990: extreme temperature variations in North America, persistent warmth in Europe and Asia, and the return of ENSO-like conditions in the Western Pacific : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.6, p. 685-709, 1990
Janowiak, J.E. ; Arkin, P.A. : Rainfall variations in the tropics during 1986-1989, as estimated from observations of cloud-top temperature, (Large-scale shifts in rainfall in the tropics, particularly the western tropical Pacific, were observed during the transition from 'warm' (1986-1987) to 'cold' (1988-1989) El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, suppl., p. 3359-73, 1991
Ji, M ; Leetmaa, A ; Kousky, V E : Coupled Model Predictions Of Enso During The 1980s And The 1990s At The National Centers For Environmental Prediction, (Climatic Variability During 1982-1992 In The Tropical Pacific Was Dominated By Strong Low-Frequency Interannual Variations Characterized By Three Warm And Two Cold El Niņo Episodes) : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 12 Pt. 1 P. 3105-3120, 1996
Jia, Y.L.; Wells, N.C.; Rowe, M.A. : A simulation of the 1982-3 El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C4, p. 5395-403, 1990
Jianhua Ju; Slingo, J. : The Asian summer monsoon and ENSO : Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.121, no.525, p. 1133-68, 1995
Jin, F.-F. : Tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction, the Pacific cold tongue, and the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation : Science, vol.274, no.5284, p. 76-8, 1996
Jin, F.-F.; Neelin, J.D.; Ghil, M. : El Niņo/Southern Oscillation and the annual cycle: subharmonic frequency-locking and aperiodicity : Physica D, vol.98, no.2-4, p. 442-65, 1996
Jirikowic, J.L.; Kalin, R.M. : A possible paleoclimatic ENSO indicator in the spatial variation of annual tree-ring /sup 14/C : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, no.6, p. 439-42, 1993
Johnson, M.A.; O'Brien, J.J. : The Northeast Pacific Ocean response to the 1982-3 El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C5, p. 7155-66, 1990
Joseph, P.V.; Eischeid, J.K.; Pyle, R.J. : Interannual variability of the onset of the Indian summer monsoon and its association with atmospheric features, El Niņo, and sea surface temperature anomalies : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.1, p. 81-105, 1994
Joseph, P.V.; Liebmann, B.; Hendon, H.H. : Interannual variability of the Australian summer monsoon onset: possible influence of Indian summer monsoon and El Niņo : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.5, p. 529-38, 1991
Juillet-Leclerc, A.; Labeyrie, L.D.; Reyss, J.L.; Schrader, H. : Temperature variability in the Gulf of California during the last century: a record of the recent strong El Niņo : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, no.10, p. 1889-92, 1991
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Kaduk, J.; Heimann, M. : The climate sensitivity of the Osnabruck Biosphere Model on the ENSO time scale : Ecological Modelling, v75-76, pp 239-256, 1994
Kahya, E.; Dracup, J.A. : The influences of Type 1 El Niņo and La Nina events on streamflows in the Pacific Southwest of the United States : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.6, p. 965-76, 1994
Kane, R.P. : Relationship between QBOs of stratospheric winds, ENSO variability and other atmospheric parameters : International Journal of Climatology, vol.12, no.5, p. 435-47, 1992
Karl, D. M.; Letelier, R.; Hebel, D. : Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niņo : Nature v. 373, p. 230-4, 1995
Karoly, D. J. : Southern Hemisphere Circulation Features Associated with El Niņo-Southern Oscillation Events : Journal of climate, v 2 n 11 Page: 1239, 1989
Kawabe, M. : Mechanisms of interannual variations of equatorial sea level associated with El Niņo : Journal of Physical Oceanography, v24 n5, pp 979-993, 1994
Kawabe, M. : Sea level variations due to equatorial Rossby waves associated with El Niņo : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.23, no.8, p. 1809-22, 1993
Keables, M. J. : Spatial variability of midtropospheric circulation patterns and associated surface climate in the United States during ENSO winters : Physical Geography, v13 n4, pp 331-348, 1992
Keeling, C.D.; Revelle, R. : Effects of El Niņo/Southern Oscillation on the atmospheric content of carbon dioxide : Meteoritics, vol.20, no.2, pt.2, p. 437-50, 1985
Keith, R.; Bate, P.W.; Cheang, B.K.; Sankaran, P. : The tropical circulation in the Australian/Asian region November 1988 to April 1989, (Seasonal circulation anomalies typical of the phase of ENSO are documented and discussed) : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.39, no.1, p. 37-46, 1991
Kelly, P.M.; Jones, P.D. : Removal of the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation signal from the gridded surface air temperature data set : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, no.D14, p. 19013-22, 1996
Ken-Chung Ko; Vincent, D.G. : Behavior of one to two week summertime subtropical wind maxima over the South Pacific during an ENSO cycle : Journal of Climate, vol.9, no.1, p. 5-16, 1996
Kennedy, J.A.; Brassell, S.C. : Molecular records of twentieth-century El Niņo events in laminated sediments from the Santa Barbara basin : Nature, vol.357, no.6373, p. 62-4, 1992
Kerr, R. A. : El Niņo metamorphosis throws forecasters : Science v. 262, Oct. 29, p. 656-7, 1993
Kerr, R. A. : Another try at forecasting El Niņo : Science, v232 n4747, p 155, 1986
Kessler, W.S. : Can reflected extra-equatorial Rossby waves drive ENSO? : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, no.3, p. 444-52, 1991
Kessler, W.S.; McPhaden, M.J. : Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991-93 El Niņo : Journal of Climate, vol.8, no.7, p. 1757-74, 1995
Kessler, W.S.; Taft, B.A. : Dynamic heights and zonal geostrophic transports in the central tropical Pacific during 1979-84, (During the El Niņo of 1982-83, water of very low surface salinity was observed spanning the equator; this event is attributed both to extreme local rainfall and anomalous advection from the western Pacific) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, no.1, p. 97-122, 1987
Keqin Dong : El Niņo and tropical cyclone frequency in the Australian region and the northwest Pacific : Australian Meteorological Magazine, v36 n4, pp 219-225, 1988
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Khalsa, S.J.S. : The role of sea surface temperature in large-scale air-sea interactions, (Data from the 1972-73 El Niņo event are used to study relationships between sst, surface wind, surface heat fluxes and rainfall in the tropical Pacific east of the dateline) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.11, no.5, p. 954-66, 1983
Kiladis, G.N.; Diaz, H.F. : An analysis of the 1877-1978 ENSO episode and comparison with 1982-3 : Monthly Weather Review, vol.114, no.6, p. 1035-47, 1986
Kindle, J.C.; Phoebus, P.A. : The ocean response to operational westerly wind bursts during the 1991-1992 El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, no.C3, p. 4893-920, 1995
Kirchner, I.; Graf, H.-F. : Volcanos and El Niņo: signal separation in Northern Hemisphere winter : Climate Dynamics, vol.11, no.6, p. 341-58, 1995
Kitoh, A. : Simulations of climate, (topics discussed include the El Niņo simulation) : Systems, Control and Information, vol.35, no.9, p. 537-44, 1991
Kleeman, R. : A simple model of the atmospheric response to ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.48, no.1, p. 3-18, 1991
Knutson, T.R.; Manabe, S. : Impact of increased CO/sub 2/ on simulated ENSO-like phenomena : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, no.21, p. 2295-8, 1994
Kok, C.J.; Opsteegh, J.D. : Possible causes of anomalies in seasonal mean circulation patterns during the 1982-83 El Niņo event : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.42, no.7, p. 677-94, 1985
Komhyr, W.D.; Gammon, R.H.; Harris, T.B.; Waterman, L.S.; Conway, T.J.; Taylor, W.R.; Thoning, K.W. : Global atmospheric CO/sub 2/ distribution and variations from 1968-1982 NOAA/GMCC CO/sub 2/ flask sample data, (time-series data sets reveal variations related to several El Niņo/Southern Oscillation events) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.D3, p. 5567-96, 1985
Kotwickl, V.; Isdale, P. : Hydrology of Lake Eyre Australia: El Niņo link : Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecolog, v 84 n 1 / 4 Page: 87, 1991
Kousky, V.E. : The global climate of December 1991-February 1992: mature- phase warm (ENSO) episode conditions develop : Journal of Climate, v6 n8, pp 1639-1655, 1993
Kousky, V.E. : The global climate for December 1986-February 1987: El Niņo returns to the tropical Pacific : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.11, p. 2822-38, 1987
Kousky, V.E. : The global climate for December 1984-February 1985: a case of strong intraseasonal oscillations< (Tropical oceanic and atmospheric anomaly patterns for the entire season are similar to those found in composites for the northern winter before the onset of ENSO episodes) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.113, no.12, p. 2158-72, 1985
Kousky, V.E.; Kagano, M.T.; Cavalcanti, F.A. : A review of the Southern Oscillation: oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related rainfall anomalies : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.36A, no.5, p. 490-504, 1984
Krishnamurti, T.N.; Rohaly, G.; Oosterhof, D. : A note on the simulation of winter monsoon anomalies during an El Niņo year : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.53, no.1-2, p. 51-9, 1994
Krishnan, R.; Kasture, S.V. : Modulation of low frequency intraseasonal oscillations of northern summer monsoon by El Niņo and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.60, no.4, p. 237-57, 1996
Kruse, H.A.; Von Storch, H. : A step towards long range weather prediction: the exceptional atmospheric circulation of January 1983 and its relation to El Niņo : Meteorologische Rundschau, vol.39, no.5, p. 152-60, 1986
Kuo, H.L. : Long-Term Oscillations in the Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System and El Niņo Phenomenon : Journal of climate, v 2 n 12 Page: 1421, 1989
Kutsuwada, K. : Quasi-periodic variabilities of wind-stress fields over the Pacific Ocean related to ENSO events : Journal Meteorological Society of Japan, v69 n6, pp 687-700, 1991
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Lagos, P.; Mitchell, T.P.; Wallace, J.M. : Remote forcing of sea surface temperature in the El Niņo region : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14291-6, 1987
Lander, M.A. : An exploratory analysis of the relationship between tropical storm formation in the western North Pacific and ENSO : Monthly Weather Review, vol.122, no.4, p. 636-51, 1994
Lange, C. B.; et al. : El Niņo in Santa Barbara Basin: diatom, radiolarian and foraminiferan responses to the ' 1983 El Niņo' event : Marine Geology, v78 n1-2, pp 153-160, 1987
Latif, M. : ENSO modelling at MPI : Monograph: Climate-Ocean Interaction. Proc. Workshop, Oxford, 1988, pp 173-191 / Editor: Schlesinger, M.E., 1990
Latif, M. : Tropical ocean circulation experiments, (Special attention is given to the simulation of the 1982/83 El Niņo event) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, no.2, p. 246-63, 1987
Latif, M. : El Niņo: research on a climatic oscillation : Geographische Rundschau, v38 n2, pp 90-95, 1986
Latif, M., et al. : A review of ENSO prediction studies : Climate Dynamics, v9 n4-5, pp 167-179, 1994
Latif, M.; Biercamp, J.; von Storch, H.; McPhaden, M.J.; Kirk, E. : Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.5, p. 509-21, 1990
Latif, M.; Flugel, M. : An investigation of short-range climate predictability in the tropical Pacific, (predictability of the ENSO phenomenon was investigated by analyzing observed sea levels, surface stresses, and subsurface temperatures simulated with an oceanic gcm forced by observed winds) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, no.C2, p. 2661-73, 1991
Latif, M.; Sterl, A.; Maier-Reimer, E.; Junge, M.M. : Structure and predictability of the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation phenomenon in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model : Journal of Climate, vol.6, no.4, p. 700-8, 1993
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Le Boeuf, B. J. : The Natural History of the Northern Elephant Seal : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis., Volume 88, pp 205-205, 1991
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Li Chong-Yin : A further study on interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niņo : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v10/3, 309-320, 1996
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Li Ruodun; Sun Ruiben; Qu Weizheng; Jing Chuancai : Violent eruption of volcanoes and El Niņo event : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.48, no.2, p. 220-4, 1990
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Ma, K. : A study on flow field and heat exchange anomalies on tropical Pacific surface in the El Niņo and La Nino events : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.61, no.1-2, p. 65-73, 1996
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Quinn, W.H.; Zopf, David O.; Short, Kent S.; Kuo Yang, Richard T. W : Historical trends and statistics of the Southern Oscillation, El Niņo, and Indonesian droughts ( Peru) : Fishery Bulletin, v76 n3, pp 663-678, 1981
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Robinson, G. R. : Negative effects of the 1982-83 El Niņo on Galapagos marine life : Oceanus, v30 n2, pp 42-48, 1987
Robock, A. : Detection of volcanic, CO/sub 2/, and ENSO signals in surface air temperature : Advances in Space Research, vol.5, no.6, p. 53-6, 1985
Robock, A.; Taylor, K.E.; Stenchikov, G.L.; Yuhe Liu : GCM evaluation of a mechanism for El Niņo triggering by the El Chichon ash cloud : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.22, no.17, p. 2369-72, 1995
Roeckner, E; Oberhuber, J M; Bacher, A; Christoph, M; Kirchner, I : Enso Variability And Atmospheric Response In A Global Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Gcm : Climate Dynamics V. 12 No. 11 P. 737-754, 1996
Roemer, J : El Niņo and the Grain Belt : Cycles, v 42 n 4 Page: 196, 1991
Rollins, H. B.; Sandweiss, D. H.; Rollins, J. C. : Effect of the 1982-1983 El Niņo on bivalve mollusks : National Geographic Research, v2 n1, pp 106-112, 1986
Rong-Hua Zhang; Endoh, M. : Simulation of the 1986-1987 El Niņo and 1988 La Nina events with a free surface tropical Pacific Ocean general circulation model : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, no.C4, p. 7743-59, 1994
Ronghui, Huang; Yifang, Wu : The Influence of ENSO on the Summer Climate Change in China and Its Mechanism : Advances in atmospheric sciences, v 6 n 1 Page: 21, 1989
Ropelewski, C.F.; Halpert, M.S. : Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.8, p. 1606-26, 1987
Ropelewski, C.F.; Halpert, M.S. : North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.114, no.12, p. 2352-62, 1986
Rosen, R.D.; Salstein, D.A.; Eubanks, T.M.; Dickey, J.O.; Steppe, J.A. : An El Niņo signal in atmospheric angular momentum and Earth rotation : Science, vol.225, no.4660, p. 411-14, 1984
Rothstein, L M : The El Niņo Southern Oscillation Phenomenon Seeking Its Trigger And Working Toward Prediction : Oceanus V. 39 No. 2 Fal-Win P. 39-41, 1996
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Sahley, C T : Bat And Hummingbird Pollination Of An Autotetraploid Columnar Cactus, Weberbauerocereus-Weberbaueri, (Reduced Bat Pollination In 1993 Is Attributed To The Reduced Abundance Of Bats At The Study Site During A Drought Caused By El Niņo) : American Journal Of Botany V. 83 No. 10 96 Oct P. 1329-1336, 1996
Salstein, D. A.; Rosen, R. D. : El Niņo and the Earth's rotation : Oceanus, v27 n2, pp 52-57, 1984
Sandweiss, D.H.; Richardson, J.B., III; Reitz, E.J.; Rollins, H.B.; Maasch, K.A. : Geoarchaeological evidence from Peru for a 5000 years B.P. onset of El Niņo : Science, vol.273, no.5281, p. 1531-3, 1996
Santamaria-del-Angel, E.; Alvarez-Borrego, S.; Muller-Karger, F.E. : The 1982-1984 El Niņo in the Gulf of California as seen in coastal zone color scanner imagery : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, no.C4, p. 7423-31, 1994
Sarachik, E. S. : Predictability of ENSO : Monograph: Climate-Ocean Interaction. Proc. Workshop, Oxford, 1988, pp 161-171 / Editor: Schlesinger, M.E., 1990
Sardeshmukh, P.D.; Hoskins, B. : Vorticity balances in the tropics during the 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation event : Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.111, no.468, p. 261-78, 1985
Saseendran, S A; Rathore, L S; Datta, R K : Distribution Of Monsoon Rainfall In India During El Niņo Associated Drought Situations : Annals Of Arid Zone V. 35 No. 1 P. 9-16, 1996
Sasi, M.N. : A relationship between equatorial lower stratospheric QBO and El Niņo : Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol.56, no.12, p. 1563-70, 1994
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Schatten, K.H.; Mayr, H.G.; Harris, I.; Taylor, H.A., Jr. : A zonally symmetric model for volcanic influence upon atmospheric circulation, (The authors suggest that this momentum source may have played a role as a trigger for inducing the 1982-3 anomalous El Niņo and possibly other climate changes) : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.11, no.4, p. 303-6, 1984
Schneider, U.; Fleer, H. E. : Development of sea surface temperature, surface wind and divergence anomalies during a composite ENSO episode : Theoretical & Applied Climatology, v39 n3, pp 146-159, 1989
Schoener, A. : El Niņo norte : Northwest Environmental Journal, v1 n2, pp 19-33, 1985
Schonher, T.; Nicholson, S.E. : The Relationship between California Rainfall and ENSO Events : Journal of climate, v 2 n 11 Page: 1258, 1989
Schonwiese, C.-D.; Birrong, W. : European precipitation trend statistics 1851-1980 including multivariate assessments of the anthropogenic CO/sub 2/ signal, (A multivariate regression model including volcanic and solar forcing, ENSO is used) : Zeitschrift fur Meteorologie, vol.40, no.2, p. 92-8, 1990
Schoonmaker, David S. : El Niņo and Unemployment, (,This article describes the investigations of Michael S. Wilson) : American Scientist, Volume 85, No. 4, p. 312 - 319
Schopf, P.S. : On equatorial waves and El Niņo. II. Effects of air-sea thermal coupling : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.13, no.10, p. 1878-93, 1983
Schopf, P.S.; Harrison, D.E. : On equatorial waves and El Niņo. I. Influence of initial states on wave-induced currents and warning : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.13, no.6, p. 936-48, 1983
Schopf, P.S.; Suarez, M.J. : Ocean wave dynamics and the time scale of ENSO : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.20, no.5, p. 629-45, 1990
Schreiber, R. W.; Schreiber, E. A. : Central Pacific seabirds and the El Niņo Southern Oscillation: 1982 to 1983 perspectives : Science, v225 n4663, pp 713-716, 1984
Shabbar, A.; Higuchi, K.; Knox, J.L. : Regional analysis of Northern Hemisphere 50 kPa geopotential heights from 1946 to 1985, (results are discussed in relation to the interregime sea surface temperature change over the North interregime sea surface temperature change over the North Pacific Ocean and to the increase in frequency and amplitude of ENSO events during Regime 2) : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.5, p. 543-57, 1990
Shabbar, A; Khandekar, M : The Impact Of El Niņo-Southern Oscillation On The Temperature-Field Over Canada : Atmosphere-Ocean V. 34 No. 2 P. 401-416, 1996
Shang, E.C.; Wang, Y.Y. : Tomographic inversion of the El Niņo profile by using a matched-mode processing (MMP) method : IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.19, no.2, p. 208-13, 1994
Shang, E.C.; Wang, Y.Y. : On the possibility of monitoring El Niņo by using modal ocean acoustic tomography : Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.91, no.1, p. 136-40, 1992
Shang, E.C.; Wang, Y.Y. : Ocean acoustic field simulations for monitoring large-scale ocean structures, (the possibility of monitoring El Niņo by using MOAT has been illustrated) : Computer Physics Communications, vol.65, no.1-3, p. 238-45, 1991
Shapiro, L.J. : Month-to-month variability of the Atlantic tropical circulation and its relationship to tropical storm formation, (The dominant mode of variability for the combined 200 mb/ATOLL circulation is strongly correlated with an El Niņo index) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.11, p. 2598-614, 1987
Sharp, G. D. : Fishery catch records, El Niņo / Southern Oscillation, and longer - term climate change as inferred from fish remains in marine sediments : Monograph: El Niņo: Historical And Paleoclimatic Aspects Of The Southern Oscillation, Pp 379-417 / Editor: Diaz, H.F.; Markgraf, V., 1993
Shaw, H. R.; Moore, J. G. : Magmatic heat and the El Niņo cycle : Eos, v69 n45, pp 1553, 1564-1565, 1988
Shen, G.T.; Boyle, E.A.; Lea, D.W. : Cadmium in corals as a tracer of historical upwelling and industrial fallout, (variations appear to have occurred in response to two separate phenomena: one is the variable upwelling at Galapagos (El Niņo-Southern Oscillation events) : Nature, vol.328, no.6133, p. 794-6, 1987
Sheres, D.; Kenyon, K.E. : An eddy, coastal jets and incoming swell all interacting near Pt. Conception, California, (reports for a two-month period during the early spring of 1983 at the time of the El Niņo) : International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.11, no.1, p. 5-25, 1990
Shih, G.-F.; Vonder Haar, T.H.; Campbell, G.G. : Cloudiness over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific for summer 1983 from geostationary satellite data, (To investigate the characteristics of this late transition phase of the 1982-3 El Niņo, the GOES-West satellite data of July and August of 1983 are analyzed) : Advances in Space Research, vol.5, no.6, p. 197-201, 1985
Shiotani, M. : Annual, quasi-biennial, and El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time-scale variations in equatorial total ozone : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.97, no.D7, p. 7625-33, 1992
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Simmonds, I.; Smith, I.N. : The effect of the prescription of zonally-uniform sea surface temperatures in a general circulation model, (The observation that the SST 'anomaly' distribution used is similar in some respects to that observed during an El Niņo (particularly the 1982-1983 event) led the authors to compare the model response to anomalies observed during that time) : Journal of Climatology, vol.6, no.6, p. 641-59, 1986
Simpson, H.J.; Cane, M.A.; Lin, S.K.; Zebiak, S.E.; Herczeg, A.L. : Forecasting annual discharge of River Murray, Australia, from a geophysical model of ENSO : Journal of Climate, vol.6, no.2, p. 386-90, 1993
Simpson, J.J. : A simple model of the 1982-83 Californian 'El Niņo' : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.11, no.3, p. 237-40, 1984
Simpson, J.J. : El Niņo-induced onshore transport in the California Current during 1982-3 : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.11, no.3, p. 233-6, 1984
Simpson, J.J. : Large-scale thermal anomalies in the California Current during the 1982-3 El Niņo : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.10, no.10, p. 937-40, 1983
Sinclair, M.; Tremblay, M. J.; Bernal, P. : El Niņo events and variability in a Pacific mackerel ( Scomber japonicus) survival index: support for Hjort's second hypothesis : Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, v42 n3, pp 602-608, 1984
Singh, S.M. : Vegetation dynamics, CO/sub 2/ cycle and El Niņo phenomenon : International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.13, no.11, p. 2069-77, 1992
Smith, N. G. : The Gulf of Panama and El Niņo events: the fate of two refugee boobies from the 1982-83 event : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 381-393 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Smith, R.L. : Peru coastal currents during El Niņo: 1976 and 1982 : Science, vol.221, no.4618, p. 1397-9, 1983
Song Yang : ENSO-snow-monsoon associations and seasonal-interannual predictions : International Journal of Climatology, vol.16, no.2, p. 125-34, 1996
Song Yang; Webster, P.J. : The effect of summer tropical heating on the location and intensity of the extratropical westerly jet streams, (interannual changes in the location and magnitude of the westerly jet streams are closely related to the El Niņo) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.D11, p. 18705-21, 1990
Soreide, N.; McPhaden, M. : El Niņo watching on World Wide Web : Sea Frontiers v. 41, p. 26-9, 1995
Springer, S.R.; McPhaden, M.J.; Busalacchi, A.J. : Oceanic heat content variability in the tropical Pacific during the 1982-3 El Niņo : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C12, p. 22089-101, 1990
Spurgeon, D. : The' Christ Child' and better climate prediction ( El Niņo) : Unesco Features, v806, pp 1-6, 1984
Squire, J. L. : Relation of sea surface temperature changes during the 1983 El Niņo to the geographical distribution of some important recreational pelagic species and their catch temperature parameters : Marine Fisheries Review, v49 n2, pp 44-57, 1987
Stahle, D.W.; Cleaveland, M.K.; Cerveny, R.S. : Tree-ring reconstructed sunshine duration over central USA, (Analysis of the reconstruction indicates that strong El Niņo events are often associated with cloudy growing season conditions over the central USA) : International Journal of Climatology, vol.11, no.3, p. 285-95, 1991
Steiner, E.J. : The relationship of low-level winds and moisture to convection in the tropical Pacific, (Linear regression demonstrates that about 30%-40% of the variance in convection across the Pacific during the 1982-83 El Niņo can be explained by low-level precipitable water plus the low-level winds) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.3, p. 744-9, 1987
Steiner, E.J.; Singh Khalsa, S.J. : Sea Surface temperature, low-level moisture, and convection in the tropical Pacific, 1982-5, (Variability of all three parameters in the eastern Pacific was dominated by the 1982-3 ENSO) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14217-24, 1987
Stephenson, D.B.; Royer, J.-F. : Low-frequency variability of total ozone mapping spectrometer and general circulation model total ozone stationary waves associated with the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation for the period 1979-1988 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, no.D4, p. 7337-46, 1995
Stewart, B. S.; Yochem, P. K. : Northern Elephant Seals on the Southern California Channel Islands and El Niņo : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 234-246, 1991
Strong, A. E. : Monitoring El Niņo using satellite based sea surface temperatures : Ocean-Air Interactions, v1 n1, pp 11-28, 1986
Strub, P.T.; James, C.; Thomas, A.C.; Abbott, M.R. : Seasonal and nonseasonal variability of satellite-derived surface pigment concentration in the California Current, (Correlations between anomalous pigment concentrations and anomalous sea level heights are discussed) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C7, p. 11501-30, 1990
Strub, P.T.; Powell, T.; Goldman, C.R. : Climatic forcing: effects of El Niņo on a small, temperature lake : Science, vol.227, no.4682, p. 55-7, 1985
Sud, Y.C.; Walker, G.K.; Smith, W.E. : Analysis of a general circulation model simulation of the atmospheric response to the observed sea surface temperature anomalies of January and February 1983, (three sets of simulations is produced with the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres GCM to assess the effect of the 1982-83 El Niņo on winter climate) : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.1, p. 107-15, 1991
Suppiah, R. : ENSO phenomenon and 30-50 day variability in the Australian summer monsoon rainfall : International Journal of Climatology, vol.13, no.8, p. 837-51, 1993
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Tai, K. C. : Establishing qualitative hypotheses on the influence of El Niņo on Metropolitan Adelaide water supply ( Australia) : Water International, v12 n1, pp 8-14, 1987
Tang, T. Y.; Weisberg, R. H. : On the equatorial Pacific response to the 1982/83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation event : Journal of Marine Research, v42 n4, pp 809-829,1984
Tapley, T. D.; Waylen, Peter R. : Spatial variability of annual precipitation and ENSO events in western Peru : Hydrological sciences journal, v 35 n 4 Page: 429, 1990
Tarazona, J.; Arntz, W E : Impact Of 2 El Niņo Events Of Different Intensity On The Hypoxic Soft-Bottom Macrobenthos Off The Central Peruvian Coast : Marine Ecology-Pubblicazioni Della Stazione Zoologica Di Napoli I V. 17 No. 1-3 P. 425-446, 1996
Tarazona, J.; Salzwedel, H.; Arntz, W. : Oscillations of macrobenthos in shallow waters of the Peruvian central coast induced by El Niņo 1982 -83 : Journal of Marine Research, v46 n3, pp 593-611, 1988
Taylor, H.A., Jr.; Kramer, L. : Observed mid-to-high latitude interchange of atmospheric angular momentum and some implications : Earth, Moon, and Planets, vol.49, no.3, p. 221-38, 1990
Tegner, M.J.; Dayton, P. K. : El Niņo Effects On Southern California Kelp Forest Communities : Monograph: Advances In Ecological Research. Vol. 17, Pp 243-279 / Editor: Macfadyen, A.; Ford, E.D., 1987
Teng Xinglin,; Fu Congbin : A diagnostic analysis of winter atmospheric circulation during the 1982-1983 ENSO event : Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, v7 n1, pp 57-66, 1990
Thompson, L.G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Arnao, B.M. : El Niņo-Southern Oscillation events recorded in the stratigraphy of the tropical Quelccaya ice cap, Peru : Science, vol.226, no.4670, p. 50-2, 1984
Thompson, L. M. : Relationship of the El Niņo Cycle to Droughts in the U.S. Corn Belt : Cycles, v 41 n 1 Page: 14, 1990
Tibbetts, J : Farming And Fishing In The Wake Of El Niņo : Bioscience V. 46 No. 8 P. 566-569, 1996
Toggweiler, J.R.; Trumbore, S. : Bomb-test /sup 90/Sr in Pacific and Indian Ocean surface water as recorded by banded corals, (Activity levels at Fanning Island appear to vary in conjunction with the 3-4 year El Niņo cycle) : Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.74, no.4, p. 306-14, 1985
Tomita, T; Yasunari, T : Role Of The Northeast Winter Monsoon On The Biennial Oscillation Of The Enso/Monsoon System : Journal Of The Meteorological Society Of Japan V. 74 No. 4 P. 399-413, 1996
Toole, J.M. : Near equatorial CTD observations at 85 degrees W in October 1982 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.C1, p. 929-33, 1985
Toole, J.M.; Borges, M.D. : Observations of horizontal velocities and vertical displacements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean associated with early stages of 1982/83 El Niņo : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.14, no.5, p. 948-59, 1984
Torres-Moye, G.; Alvarez-Borrego, S. : Effects of the 1984 El Niņo on the summer phytoplankton of a Baja California upwelling zone : Journal of Geophysical Research, v92 C13, pp 14,383-14,386, 1987
Tourre, Y.M.; White, W.B. : ENSO signals in global upper-ocean temperature : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.25, no.6, pt.1, p. 1317-32, 1995
Trenberth, K.E. : Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere, (North Pacific changes appear to be linked through teleconnections to tropical atmosphere-ocean interactions and the frequency of El Niņo) : Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.71, no.7, p. 988-93, 1990
Trenberth, K.E.; Hoar, T.J. : The 1990-1995 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation event: longest on record : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.1, p. 57-60, 1996
Trillmich, F. : El Niņo in the Galapagos Islands: a natural experiment : Monograph: Ecosystem Experiments, Pp 3-21 / Editor: Mooney, H.A.; et al, 1991
Trillmich, F.; Dellinger, T. : The Effects of El Niņo on Galapagos Pinnipeds : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis., Volume 88, pp 66-74, 1991
Trillmich, F.; Limberger, D. : Drastic efforts of El Niņo on Galapagos pinnipeds : Oecologia, v67 n1, pp 19-22, 1985
Tsuyoshi Nitta,; Takanori Mizuno,; Kiyotoshi Takahashi : Multi-scale convective systems during the initial phase of the 1986/87 El Niņo : Journal Meteorological Society of Japan, v70 n1B, pp 447-466, 1992
Turkes, N. : El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event: the great anomaly of ocean/atmosphere : Jeomorfoloji Dergisi, v16, pp 61-65, 1988
Tziperman, E.; Cane, M. A.; Zebiak, S. E. : Irregularity and locking to the seasonal cycle in an ENSO prediction model as explained by the quasi-periodicity route to chaos : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences v. 52, p. 293-306, 1995
Tziperman, E.; Stone, L.; Cane, M.A.; Jarosh, H. : El Niņo chaos: overlapping of resonances between the seasonal cycle and the Pacific ocean-atmosphere oscillator : Science, vol.264, no.5155, p. 72-4, 1994
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Ulbrich, U.; Graf, H.F.; Kirchner, I. : The impact of El Niņo- and volcanic forcing on the atmospheric energy cycle and the zonal mean atmospheric circulation : Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, vol.68, no.1, p. 59-74, 1995
Urban, H J : Upper temperature tolerance of ten bivalve species off Peru and Chile related to El Niņo : Marine Ecology Progress Series, v107 n1-2, pp 139-145, 1994
Urban, H J; Tarazona, J : Effects Of El Niņo - Southern Oscillation On The Population-Dynamics Of A Gari-Solida Population (Bivalvia, Psammobiidae) From Bahia-Independencia, Peru : Marine Biology V. 125 No. 4 P. 725-734, 1996
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Valencia Telleria, A. : El Niņo related health hazards. Health consequences of the floods in Bolivia in 1982 : Disasters, v10 n2, pp 88-106, 1986
Valle, C. A.; Coulter, M. C. : Present status of the flightless cormorant, Galapagos penguin and greater flamingo populations in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, after the 1982 -83 El Niņo : Condor, v89 n2, pp 276-281, 1987
Valle, C. A.; Cruz, F.; Cruz, J. B.; Merlen, G.; Coulter, M. C. : The impact of the 1982 -1983 El Niņo -southern oscillation on seabirds in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador : Journal of Geophysical Research, v92 C13, pp 14,437-14,444, 1987
Vallis, G.K. : Conceptual Models of El Niņo and the Southern Oscillation : Journal of geophysical research : JGR C, v 93 n 11 P: 13,979, 1988
Vallis, G.K. : El Niņo: a chaotic dynamical system? : Science, vol.232, no.4747, p. 243-5, 1986
Van Der Hammen, T.; Cleef, A. M. : Holocene changes of rainfall and river discharge in northern South America and the El Niņo phenomenon : Erdkunde, v46 n3-4, pp 252-256, 1992
Van Loon, H.; Shea, D.J. : The Southern Oscillation. part IV. The precursors south of 15 degrees S to the extremes of the Oscillation : Monthly Weather Review, vol.113, no.12, p. 2063-74, 1985
Verma, R.K. : Recent monsoon variability in the global climate perspective : Mausam, vol.41, no.2, p. 315-20, 1990
Vermeij, G. J. : An ecological crisis in an evolutionary context: El Niņo in the eastern Pacific : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niņo-Southern Oscillation, Pp 505-517 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Vetter, R.E.; Botosso, P.C. : El Niņo May Affect Growth Behaviour of Amazonian Trees : GeoJournal, v 19 n 4 Page: 419, 1989
Vial, F.; Lott, F.; Teitelbaum, H. : A possible signal of the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation in time series of the diurnal tide : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, no.15, p. 1603-6, 1994
Volk, T. : Effect of the equatorial Pacific upwelling on atmospheric CO "SUB 2" during the 1982-1983 El Niņo : Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v3 n3, pp 267-279, 1989
Volkov, Yu.N. : The modelling of the El Niņo phenomenon by an autooscillation process in the ocean-atmosphere system : Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, vol.16, no.11, p. 1179-88, 1980
Von Storch, H. : A statistical comparison with observations of control and El Niņo simulations using the NCAR CCM : Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, vol.60, no.4, p. 464-77, 1987
Von Storch, H.; Kruse, H.A. : The extra-tropical atmospheric response to El Niņo event-a multivariate significance analysis : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.37A, no.4, p. 361-77, 1985
Von Storch, H.; Weese, U.; Xu, J.S. : Simultaneous analysis of space-time variability: principal oscillation patterns and principal interaction patterns with applications to the Southern Oscillation : Zeitschrift fur Meteorologie, vol.40, no.2, p. 99-103, 1990
Voskresenskaya, E. N.; Polonsky, A. B. : Air pressure fluctuations in the North Atlantic and their relationship with El Niņo - Southern Oscillations : Physical Oceanography, v4 n4, pp 275-282, 1993
Voskresenskaya, E. N.; Zelenko, A. A.; Polonsky, A. B. : El Niņo in 1991-1992 and its manifestations in the tropical Atlantic : Physical Oceanography, v4 n6, pp 487-495, 1993
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Wagner, A.J. : Resilient El Niņo : Weatherwise v. 47, Feb./Mar., p. 25, 1994
Wagner, A.J. : The global climate of March-May 1987: moderately strong mature phase of ENSO with highly persistent monthly and seasonal temperature anomalies over the United States : Monthly Weather Review, v115 n12, pp 3166-3187,1987
Wagner, A.J. : The global climate for March-May 1985: strong phase reversal in many areas from two years ago, (Conditions in the global tropics are for the most part indicative of the 'cold/dry' phase of the ENSO phenomenon) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.114, no.2, p. 500-23, 1986
Wainer, I.; Webster, P.J. : Monsoon/El Niņo-Southern Oscillation relationships in a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere model : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, no.C11, p. 25599-614, 1996
Wakata, Y.; Sarachik, E.S. : On the role of equatorial ocean modes in the ENSO cycle : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, no.3, p. 434-43, 1991
Wakata, Y.; Sarachik, E.S. : Unstable coupled atmosphere-ocean basin modes in the presence of a spatially varying basic state, (The oscillatory nature of the ENSO cycle can be explained by a transition mechanism resulting from the interaction of these two equatorial (but not necessarily propagating) modes) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.48, no.18, p. 2060-77, 1991
Waliser, D.E.; Blanke, B.; Neelin, J.D.; Gautier, C. : Shortwave feedbacks and El Niņo-Southern Oscillation: forced ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere experiments : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, no.C12, p. 25109-25, 1994
Wallace, M. P.; Temple, S. A. : Impacts of the 1982 -1983 El Niņo on population dynamics of Andean condors in Peru : Biotropica, v20 n2, pp 144-150, 1988
Walsh, K.J.; Cerveny, R.S. : Thermal patterns of Pacific South America associated with El Niņo/Southern Oscillation : International Journal of Climatology, vol.10, no.5, p. 451-7, 1990
Wang, B. : Transition from a cold to a warm state of the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation cycle : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.56, no.1-2, p. 17-32, 1995
Wang, B. : The vertical structure and development of the ENSO anomaly mode during 1979-89 : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.49, no.8, p. 698-712, 1992
Wang, B ; Fang, Z : Chaotic Oscillations Of Tropical Climate A Dynamic System-Theory For Enso : Journal Of The Atmospheric Sciences V. 53 No. 19 1 P. 2786-2802, 1996
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Wei-Chyung Wang; Kerang Li : Precipitation fluctuation over semiarid region in northern China and the relationship with El Niņo/Southern Oscillation : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.7, p. 769-83, 1990
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Wolff, M. : Population dynamics of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus during the El Niņo phenomenon of 1983 : Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, v44 n10, pp 1684-1691, 1987
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Xinglin, T : A Diagnostic Analysis of Winter Atmospheric Circulation during the 1982-1983 ENSO Event : Advances in atmospheric sciences, v 7 n 1 Page: 57, 1990
Xu Jun,; Chen Longxun : Numerical experiment on the seasonal variation of global ocean and the El Niņo process - part II: numerical experiment on the 1972- 1973 El Niņo process : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v8 n3, pp 346-355, 1994
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Yakir, D; Levyadun, S; Zangvil, A : El Niņo And Tree Growth Near Jerusalem Over The Last 20 Years : Global Change Biology V. 2 No. 2 P. 97-101, 1996
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Yan Xue; Cane, M.A.; Zebiak, S.E.; Blumenthal, M.B. : On the prediction of ENSO: a study with a low-order Markov model : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.46A, no.4, p. 512-28, 1994
Yang Ben-You; Sun Chang-An : Solar activity, Earth rotation and El Niņo phenomena : Acta Astronomica Sinica, vol.31, no.2, p. 158-63, 1990
Yang Guangji; Liu Jiaming : Intraannual and interannual rainfall variability over East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia, (When the El Niņo phenomena occur, the rainfall amount is high in South China and low in Central China) : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.11, no.3, p. 304-12, 1987
Yang, X. B.; Scherm, Harald : El Niņo and infectious disease : Science v. 275 (Feb. 7 '97) p. 739, 1997
Yang, X.-Q.; Xie, Q.; Ni, Y.-Q.; Huang, S.-S. : ENSO cycle in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and its negative feedback mechanism : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.61, no.3-4, p. 153- 86, 1996
Yao Lanchang : The characteristics of atmospheric heating field over the west Pacific and its surrounding sea area in August 1982 to July 1983, (Using monthly climatic data, atmospheric heating field over the western Pacific during the El Niņo period from August 1982 to July 1983 is computed) : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.49, no.3, p. 343-53, 1991
Yarnal, B. : Extratropical teleconnections with El Niņo/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events : Progress in Physical Geography, v9 n3, pp 315-352, 1985
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Ying-Quei Chen; Battisti, D.S.; Sarachik, E.S. : A new ocean model for studying the tropical oceanic aspects of ENSO : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.25, no.9, p. 2065-89, 1995
Yoklavich, M M; Loeb, V J; Nishimoto, M; Daly, B : Nearshore Assemblages Of Larval Rockfishes And Their Physical-Environment Off Central California During An Extended El Niņo Event, 1991-1993 : Fishery Bulletin V. 94 No. 4 P. 766-782, 1996
Yoo, J.-M.; Carton, J.A. : Annual and interannual variation of the freshwater budget in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, (lest rainfall in the region during the 11-year record occurred in the El Niņo years of 1976-7 and 1982-3) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.20, no.6, p. 831-45, 1990
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Yu Jiye,; Chen Shangji,; Fang Xinhua : The circularly propagating pattern of the low-frequency fluctuations of monthly MSL in the tropical Pacific Ocean and its correlation with El Niņo : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v11 n2, pp 205-218, 1992
Yu Yanling : Heat budget at the surface of the western tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niņo : Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, vol.18, no.5, p. 491-7, 1987
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Zabel, C.J.; Taggart, S.J. : Shift in red fox, Vulpes vulpes, mating system associated with El Niņo in the Bering Sea : Animal behaviour, v 38 n 5 Page: 830, 1989
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Zebiak, S.E. : On the 30-60 Day Oscillation and the Prediction of El Niņo : Journal of climate, v 2 n 11 Page: 1381, 1989
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Zeng Zhaomei; Zhang Mingli : Relationship between the key region SST of the tropical eastern Pacific and air temperature of northeast China, (Cold summers in northeast China are consistent with the appearance of El Niņo in the eastern equatorial Pacific during thirty years 1951-80 ) : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.11, no.4, p. 382-9, 1987
Zerefos, C.S.; Bais, A.F.; Ziomas, I.C.; Bojkov, R.D. : On the relative importance of quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niņo/Southern Oscillation in the revised Dobson total ozone records : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.97, no.D9, p. 10135-44, 1992
Zhadin, E.A. : Planetary and interannual ozone anomalies in polar regions, - long term variations may be associated with El Niņo : Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, vol.26, no.11, p. 1156-61, 1990
Zhan Shuyun,; Yang Shurui : An analysis of El Niņo processes during 1949-1987 : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v9 n2, pp 219-226, 1990
Zhang Jijia,; Lia Yueqing,; Lei Zhaochong,; Sun Zhaobo : Characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere 500hPa diabatic heat flow field in years of El Niņo and anti - El Niņo : Acta Meteorologica Sinica (English Edition), v6 n2, pp 159-169, 1992
Zhang Qiwen,; Wang Shaowu : A comparative study of 1982-1983 El Niņo event : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v5 n4, pp 517-521, 1986
Zhang X.; Zhao H.; Ding Yihui : Sea level fluctuations in the Pacific during the 1986-7 El Niņo : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.48, no.4, p. 424-32, 1990
Zhang, Y; Wallace, J M; Iwasaka, N : Is Climate Variability Over The North Pacific A Linear-Response To Enso : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 7 Jul P. 1468-1478, 1996
Zheng Da-Wei, ; Luo Shi-Fang, ; Song Guo-Xuan : Interannual variation of Earth rotation, El Niņo events and atmospheric angular momentum : Science in China, Series B, v32 n6, pp 729-736, 1989
Zheng Da-Wei; Song Guo-xuan; Luo Shi-fang : Prediction of El Niņo events by the astronomical observation of the length of day : Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.36, no.4, p. 305-8, 1991
Zhenjie Lin : Seasonal climate summary Southern Hemisphere (summer 1992-93): a re-strengthening El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episode : Australian Meteorological Magazine, v43 n2, pp 129-138, 1994
Zhong, Q. : An ENSO theory: Theoretical analysis of a nonlinear atmospher-ocean coupled characteristic system and its relation with ENSO events : Annales geophysicae. Atmospheres, hydrospheres, v 8 n 12 Page: 845, 1990
Zhong Yuan : The controversy over El Niņo phenomenon : Geographical Knowledge, v3, pp 26-27, 1984
Zhou Faxiu,; Yu Shenyu : The low frequency oscillations of the sea surface temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific and El Niņo formation : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v8 n4, pp 521-533, 1989
Zhu Bingyuan; Li Donghang : The relationship between the El Niņo events and the drought or excessive rain of Northwest China during 1845 to 1988 : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.16, no.2, p. 185-92, 1992
Zhu Qiangen,; Shi Neng : Variations in the teleconnection intensity indices and their remote response to the El Niņo events in the Northern Hemisphere : Acta Meteorologica Sinica (English Edition), v6 n4, pp 433-445, 1992
Zhu Yafen,; Yang Dasheng : Analysis of the air-sea heat exchange during the El Niņo event in 1983 : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v9 n4, pp 513-526, 1990
Zimmerman, R. C.; Robertson, D. L. : Effects of El Niņo on local hydrography and growth of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, at Santa Catalina Island, California : Limnology & Oceanography, v30 n6, pp 1298-1302, 1985
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