Iglesias, A ; Erda, L ; Rosenzweig, C : Climate-Change In Asia A Review Of The Vulnerability And Adaptation Of Crop Production, (In South And Southeast Asia, There Is Concern About How Climate Change May Affect El Niño/Southern Oscillation Events, Since These Play A Key Role In Determining Agricultural Production) : Water Air And Soil Pollution V. 92 No. 1-2 P. 13-27, 1996
In-Sik Kang; Ngar-Cheung Lau : Principal modes of atmospheric variability in model atmospheres with and without anomalous sea surface temperature forcing in the tropical Pacific, (In the second experiment (the 'SST runs'), the sea surface temperature conditions in the tropical Pacific Basin were prescribed to follow the actual month-to-month changes observed during the period 1962-76, which encompasses several El Niño events) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.43, no.22, p. 2719-35, 1986
Inoue, H Y ; Ishii, M ; Matsueda, H ; Ahoyama, M ; Asanuma, I : Changes In Longitudinal Distribution Of The Partial-Pressure Of Co2 (Pco(2)) In The Central And Western Equatorial Pacific, West Of 160-Degrees-W, (Results Indicate That The Area Showing Higher Surface Pco(2) Values Correlates With The Soi) : Geophysical Research Letters V. 23 No. 14 1 P. 1781-1784, 1996
Inoue, M.I.; O'Brien, J.J. : A forecasting model for the onset of a major El Niño : Monthly Weather Review, vol.112, no.11, p. 2326-37, 1984
Inoue, M.I.; O'Brien, J.J. : Predictability of the decay of the 1982/83 El Niño : Monthly Weather Review, vol.114, no.6, p. 967-72, 1986
Inoue, M.I.; O'Brien, J.J.; White, W.B.; Pazan, S.Z. : Interannual variability in the tropical Pacific for the period 1979-82 : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C11, p. 11671-9, 1987
Inoue, H.Y. ; Sugimura, Y. : Variations and distributions of CO/sub 2/ in and over the equatorial Pacific during the period from the 1986/88 El Niño event to the 1988/89 La Nina event : Tellus, Series B (Chemical and Physical Meteorology), vol.44B, no.1, p. 1-22, 1992
International Conference on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, its Sources, Sinks and Global Transport : International Conference on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, its Sources, Sinks and Global Transport, (topics were dealt with included CO/sub 2/ release during the 1982-1983 El Niño) : Tellus, Series B (Chemical and Physical Meteorology), vol.39B, no.1-2, 1987
Isdale, P.; Kotwicki, V. : Lake Eyre and the Great Barrier Reef: a paleohydrological ENSO connection : South Australian Geographical Journal, v87, pp 44-55, 1987
Ismail, S.A. : Long-range seasonal rainfall forecast for Zimbabwe and its relation with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) : Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol.38, no.2, p. 93-102, 1987
Iverson, S. J.; Oftedal, O. T.; Boness, D. J. : The Effect of El Niño on Pup Development in the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) II. Milk Intake : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, pp 180-184, 1991
Jacobs, G.A.; Hurlburt, H.E.; Kindle, J.C.; Metzger, E.J.; Mitchell, J.L.; Teague, W.J.; Wallcraft, A.J. : Decade-scale trans-Pacific propagation and warming effects of an El Niño anomaly : Nature, vol.370, no.6488, p. 360-3, 1994
Janicot, S.; Moron, V.; Fontaine, B. : Sahel droughts and ENSO dynamics : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.23, no.5, p. 515-18, 1996
Janowiak, J.E. : The global climate for September-November 1991: warm (ENSO) episode conditions strengthen : Journal of Climate, v6 n8, pp 1616-1638, 1993
Janowiak, J.E. : The global climate of December 1989-February 1990: extreme temperature variations in North America, persistent warmth in Europe and Asia, and the return of ENSO-like conditions in the Western Pacific : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.6, p. 685-709, 1990
Janowiak, J.E. ; Arkin, P.A. : Rainfall variations in the tropics during 1986-1989, as estimated from observations of cloud-top temperature, (Large-scale shifts in rainfall in the tropics, particularly the western tropical Pacific, were observed during the transition from 'warm' (1986-1987) to 'cold' (1988-1989) El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, suppl., p. 3359-73, 1991
Ji, M ; Leetmaa, A ; Kousky, V E : Coupled Model Predictions Of Enso During The 1980s And The 1990s At The National Centers For Environmental Prediction, (Climatic Variability During 1982-1992 In The Tropical Pacific Was Dominated By Strong Low-Frequency Interannual Variations Characterized By Three Warm And Two Cold El Niño Episodes) : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 12 Pt. 1 P. 3105-3120, 1996
Jia, Y.L.; Wells, N.C.; Rowe, M.A. : A simulation of the 1982-3 El Niño : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C4, p. 5395-403, 1990
Jianhua Ju; Slingo, J. : The Asian summer monsoon and ENSO : Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.121, no.525, p. 1133-68, 1995
Jin, F.-F. : Tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction, the Pacific cold tongue, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation : Science, vol.274, no.5284, p. 76-8, 1996
Jin, F.-F.; Neelin, J.D.; Ghil, M. : El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the annual cycle: subharmonic frequency-locking and aperiodicity : Physica D, vol.98, no.2-4, p. 442-65, 1996
Jirikowic, J.L.; Kalin, R.M. : A possible paleoclimatic ENSO indicator in the spatial variation of annual tree-ring /sup 14/C : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.20, no.6, p. 439-42, 1993
Johnson, M.A.; O'Brien, J.J. : The Northeast Pacific Ocean response to the 1982-3 El Niño : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C5, p. 7155-66, 1990
Joseph, P.V.; Eischeid, J.K.; Pyle, R.J. : Interannual variability of the onset of the Indian summer monsoon and its association with atmospheric features, El Niño, and sea surface temperature anomalies : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.1, p. 81-105, 1994
Joseph, P.V.; Liebmann, B.; Hendon, H.H. : Interannual variability of the Australian summer monsoon onset: possible influence of Indian summer monsoon and El Niño : Journal of Climate, vol.4, no.5, p. 529-38, 1991
Juillet-Leclerc, A.; Labeyrie, L.D.; Reyss, J.L.; Schrader, H. : Temperature variability in the Gulf of California during the last century: a record of the recent strong El Niño : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, no.10, p. 1889-92, 1991
Kaduk, J.; Heimann, M. : The climate sensitivity of the Osnabruck Biosphere Model on the ENSO time scale : Ecological Modelling, v75-76, pp 239-256, 1994
Kahya, E.; Dracup, J.A. : The influences of Type 1 El Niño and La Nina events on streamflows in the Pacific Southwest of the United States : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.6, p. 965-76, 1994
Kane, R.P. : Relationship between QBOs of stratospheric winds, ENSO variability and other atmospheric parameters : International Journal of Climatology, vol.12, no.5, p. 435-47, 1992
Karl, D. M.; Letelier, R.; Hebel, D. : Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niño : Nature v. 373, p. 230-4, 1995
Karoly, D. J. : Southern Hemisphere Circulation Features Associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation Events : Journal of climate, v 2 n 11 Page: 1239, 1989
Kawabe, M. : Mechanisms of interannual variations of equatorial sea level associated with El Niño : Journal of Physical Oceanography, v24 n5, pp 979-993, 1994
Kawabe, M. : Sea level variations due to equatorial Rossby waves associated with El Niño : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.23, no.8, p. 1809-22, 1993
Keables, M. J. : Spatial variability of midtropospheric circulation patterns and associated surface climate in the United States during ENSO winters : Physical Geography, v13 n4, pp 331-348, 1992
Keeling, C.D.; Revelle, R. : Effects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation on the atmospheric content of carbon dioxide : Meteoritics, vol.20, no.2, pt.2, p. 437-50, 1985
Keith, R.; Bate, P.W.; Cheang, B.K.; Sankaran, P. : The tropical circulation in the Australian/Asian region November 1988 to April 1989, (Seasonal circulation anomalies typical of the phase of ENSO are documented and discussed) : Australian Meteorological Magazine, vol.39, no.1, p. 37-46, 1991
Kelly, P.M.; Jones, P.D. : Removal of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation signal from the gridded surface air temperature data set : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, no.D14, p. 19013-22, 1996
Ken-Chung Ko; Vincent, D.G. : Behavior of one to two week summertime subtropical wind maxima over the South Pacific during an ENSO cycle : Journal of Climate, vol.9, no.1, p. 5-16, 1996
Kennedy, J.A.; Brassell, S.C. : Molecular records of twentieth-century El Niño events in laminated sediments from the Santa Barbara basin : Nature, vol.357, no.6373, p. 62-4, 1992
Keppenne, CL : An ENSO signal in soybean futures prices : J. Climate, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1623-1627, 1994
Kerr, R. A. : El Niño metamorphosis throws forecasters : Science v. 262, Oct. 29, p. 656-7, 1993
Kerr, R. A. : Another try at forecasting El Niño : Science, v232 n4747, p 155, 1986
Kessler, W.S. : Can reflected extra-equatorial Rossby waves drive ENSO? : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, no.3, p. 444-52, 1991
Kessler, W.S.; McPhaden, M.J. : Oceanic equatorial waves and the 1991-93 El Niño : Journal of Climate, vol.8, no.7, p. 1757-74, 1995
Kessler, W.S.; Taft, B.A. : Dynamic heights and zonal geostrophic transports in the central tropical Pacific during 1979-84, (During the El Niño of 1982-83, water of very low surface salinity was observed spanning the equator; this event is attributed both to extreme local rainfall and anomalous advection from the western Pacific) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, no.1, p. 97-122, 1987
Keqin Dong : El Niño and tropical cyclone frequency in the Australian region and the northwest Pacific : Australian Meteorological Magazine, v36 n4, pp 219-225, 1988
: :
Khalsa, S.J.S. : The role of sea surface temperature in large-scale air-sea interactions, (Data from the 1972-73 El Niño event are used to study relationships between sst, surface wind, surface heat fluxes and rainfall in the tropical Pacific east of the dateline) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.11, no.5, p. 954-66, 1983
Kiladis, G.N.; Diaz, H.F. : An analysis of the 1877-1978 ENSO episode and comparison with 1982-3 : Monthly Weather Review, vol.114, no.6, p. 1035-47, 1986
Kindle, J.C.; Phoebus, P.A. : The ocean response to operational westerly wind bursts during the 1991-1992 El Niño : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, no.C3, p. 4893-920, 1995
Kirchner, I.; Graf, H.-F. : Volcanos and El Niño: signal separation in Northern Hemisphere winter : Climate Dynamics, vol.11, no.6, p. 341-58, 1995
Kitoh, A. : Simulations of climate, (topics discussed include the El Niño simulation) : Systems, Control and Information, vol.35, no.9, p. 537-44, 1991
Kleeman, R. : A simple model of the atmospheric response to ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.48, no.1, p. 3-18, 1991
Knutson, T.R.; Manabe, S. : Impact of increased CO/sub 2/ on simulated ENSO-like phenomena : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.21, no.21, p. 2295-8, 1994
Kok, C.J.; Opsteegh, J.D. : Possible causes of anomalies in seasonal mean circulation patterns during the 1982-83 El Niño event : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.42, no.7, p. 677-94, 1985
Komhyr, W.D.; Gammon, R.H.; Harris, T.B.; Waterman, L.S.; Conway, T.J.; Taylor, W.R.; Thoning, K.W. : Global atmospheric CO/sub 2/ distribution and variations from 1968-1982 NOAA/GMCC CO/sub 2/ flask sample data, (time-series data sets reveal variations related to several El Niño/Southern Oscillation events) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.D3, p. 5567-96, 1985
Kotwickl, V.; Isdale, P. : Hydrology of Lake Eyre Australia: El Niño link : Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecolog, v 84 n 1 / 4 Page: 87, 1991
Kousky, V.E. : The global climate of December 1991-February 1992: mature- phase warm (ENSO) episode conditions develop : Journal of Climate, v6 n8, pp 1639-1655, 1993
Kousky, V.E. : The global climate for December 1986-February 1987: El Niño returns to the tropical Pacific : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.11, p. 2822-38, 1987
Kousky, V.E. : The global climate for December 1984-February 1985: a case of strong intraseasonal oscillations< (Tropical oceanic and atmospheric anomaly patterns for the entire season are similar to those found in composites for the northern winter before the onset of ENSO episodes) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.113, no.12, p. 2158-72, 1985
Kousky, V.E.; Kagano, M.T.; Cavalcanti, F.A. : A review of the Southern Oscillation: oceanic-atmospheric circulation changes and related rainfall anomalies : Tellus, Series A (Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography), vol.36A, no.5, p. 490-504, 1984
Krishnamurti, T.N.; Rohaly, G.; Oosterhof, D. : A note on the simulation of winter monsoon anomalies during an El Niño year : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.53, no.1-2, p. 51-9, 1994
Krishnan, R.; Kasture, S.V. : Modulation of low frequency intraseasonal oscillations of northern summer monsoon by El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) : Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.60, no.4, p. 237-57, 1996
Kruse, H.A.; Von Storch, H. : A step towards long range weather prediction: the exceptional atmospheric circulation of January 1983 and its relation to El Niño : Meteorologische Rundschau, vol.39, no.5, p. 152-60, 1986
Kuo, H.L. : Long-Term Oscillations in the Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System and El Niño Phenomenon : Journal of climate, v 2 n 12 Page: 1421, 1989
Kutsuwada, K. : Quasi-periodic variabilities of wind-stress fields over the Pacific Ocean related to ENSO events : Journal Meteorological Society of Japan, v69 n6, pp 687-700, 1991
Lagos, P.; Mitchell, T.P.; Wallace, J.M. : Remote forcing of sea surface temperature in the El Niño region : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14291-6, 1987
Lander, M.A. : An exploratory analysis of the relationship between tropical storm formation in the western North Pacific and ENSO : Monthly Weather Review, vol.122, no.4, p. 636-51, 1994
Lange, C. B.; et al. : El Niño in Santa Barbara Basin: diatom, radiolarian and foraminiferan responses to the ' 1983 El Niño' event : Marine Geology, v78 n1-2, pp 153-160, 1987
Latif, M.; Biercamp, J.; Von Storch, H.; McPhaden, M.J.; Kirk, E. : Simulation of ENSO related surface wind anomalies with an atmospheric GCM forced by observed SST : Journal of Climate, vol.3, no.5, p. 509-21, 1990
Latif, M.; Flugel, M. : An investigation of short-range climate predictability in the tropical Pacific, (predictability of the ENSO phenomenon was investigated by analyzing observed sea levels, surface stresses, and subsurface temperatures simulated with an oceanic gcm forced by observed winds) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, no.C2, p. 2661-73, 1991
Latif, M.; Sterl, A.; Maier-Reimer, E.; Junge, M.M. : Structure and predictability of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model : Journal of Climate, vol.6, no.4, p. 700-8, 1993
Legrand, M.; Feniet-Saigne, C. : Methanesulfonic acid in south polar snow layers: a record of strong El Niño? : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, no.2, p. 187-90, 1991
Leigh Jr, E. G.; Windsor, D. M.; Rand, A. S.; Foster, R. B. : The impact of the 'El Niño' drought of 1982-83 on a Panamanian semideciduous forest : Monograph: In: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pp 473-486 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Leutwyler, K. : No global warming? CO2 readings on Mauna Loa show declining emissions (noting El Niño events & Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 1991) : Scientific American v. 270, Feb., p. 24, 1994
Levezey, R.E.; Mo, K.C. : Tropical-extratropical teleconnections during the Northern Hemisphere winter. II. Relationships between monthly mean Northern Hemisphere circulation patterns and proxies for tropical convection : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.12, p. 3115-32, 1987
Levitskii, L.S.; Rykhlova, L.V.; Sidorenkov, N.S. : El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Earth rotation variations : Astronomy Reports, vol.39, no.2, p. 240-4, 1995
: :
Li Chong-Yin : A further study on interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niño : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v10/3, 309-320, 1996
Li Chong-Yin : Interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Niño events : Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, v7 n1, pp 36-46, 1990
Li Chong-Yin : Frequent activities of stronger aerotroughs in East Asia in wintertime and the occurrence of the El Niño event : Science in China, Series B, v32 n8, pp 976-985, 1989
Li Chong-Yin : Actions of typhoons over the western Pacific (including the South China Sea) and El Niño : Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, v5 n1, pp 107-115, 1988
Li Chong-Yin : A study on interaction between the East Asia atmospheric circulation and El Niño : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.11, no.4, p. 359-64, 1987
Li Chong-Yin : A study of the influence of El Niño upon typhoon action over the western Pacific : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.45, no.2, p. 229-36, 1987
Li Chong-Yin; Long Zhen-Xia : Evolution of the QBO and theinfluence of the ENSO (stratospheric wind oscillations and El Niño events) : Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.36, no.12, p. 1016-20, 1991
Li Chong-Yin; Zhou Ya-Ping : Relationship between intraseasonal oscillation in the tropical atmosphere and ENSO : Acta Geophysica Sinica, v37 n1, pp 17-26, 1994
Li Peiji : A preliminary study of snow mass variations over past 30 years in China, (Heavier than normal snowfall associated with El Niño : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.48, no.4, p. 433-7, 1990
Li Ruodun; Sun Ruiben; Qu Weizheng; Jing Chuancai : Violent eruption of volcanoes and El Niño event : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.48, no.2, p. 220-4, 1990
Li Zhengxin : Correlation of latitude observational residuals of Washington PZT at U.S. Naval Observatory with El Niño/Southern Oscillation : Acta Astronomica Sinica, vol.36, no.1, p. 47-52, 1995
Li Zou ; Yunqi, Ni : Diagnosis of low frequency component of ENSO variability - part I: global-scale dynamic characteristics of the component : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v10/4, 419-429, 1996
Li Zou ; Yunqi, Ni : Diagnosis on low frequency component of ENSO variability - part II: origin of the component : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v11/1, 35-44, 1997
: :
Lien, R.-C.; Caldwell, D.R.; Gregg, M.C.; Moum, J.N. : Turbulence variability at the equator in the central Pacific at the beginning of the 1991-1993 El Niño : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, no.C4, p. 6881-98, 1995
Lin Xuechun; Yu Shuqiu : El Niño and rainfall during the flood season (June-August) in China : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.51, no.4, p. 434-41, 1993
Liu, D; Fryxell, G A; Kaczmarska, I : El Niño (1992) In The Equatorial Pacific Low Biomass With A Few Dominating Species In The Microphytoplankton : Journal Of Plankton Research V. 18 No. 7 P. 1167-1184, 1996
Liu Jiaming : Large-scale atmosphere-ocean interaction during epochs of warm sea surface temperature over the tropical Pacific, (simple air-sea coupled model is used to investigate the effect of large scale air-sea interaction during epochs of anomalous warm sea surface temperature over the equatorial Pacific (El Niño)) : Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, vol.9, no.1, p. 1-10, 1985
Liu, W.T.; Gautier, C. : Thermal forcing on the tropical Pacific from satellite data : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C8, p. 13209-17, 13579-80, 1990
Liu, W.T.; Niiler, P.P. : The sensitivity of latent heat flux to the air humidity approximations used in ocean circulation models : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, no.C6, p. 9745-53, 1990
Liu Yongqiang,; Ding Yihui : Influence of El Niño on weather and climate in China : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v6 n1, pp 117-131, 1992
Liu Zanpei,; Song Wanxian,; Lin Shaohua,; Zhang Dongsheng : Abnormality of the monsoon wind in the sea area along the southeastern coast of China and the response of the northern area of the South China Sea during the ENSO events : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v11 n3, pp 389-400, 1992
Lockwood, J. G. : The Southern Oscillation and El Niño : Progress in Physical Geography, v8 n1, pp 102-110, 1984
Long Baosen : The latent and sensible heat fluxes over the western tropical Pacific and its relationship to ENSO : Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, v6 n4, pp 467-474, 1989
Lough, J. M.; Fritts, H. C. : Historical aspects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation - information from tree rings : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pp 285-321 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Lukas, R.; Hayes, S.P.; Wyrtki, K. : Equatorial sea-level response during the 1982-3 El Niño : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.89, no.C6, p. 10425-30, 1984
Lukas, R.; Lindstrom, E. : The mixed layer of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, (The discovery of the shallow mixed layer in the western equatorial Pacific has important implications for the ENSO phenomenon) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, suppl., p. 3343-57, 1991
Lunkeit, F.; Sausen, R.; Oberhuber, J.M. : Climate simulations with the global coupled atmosphere-ocean model ECHAM2/OPYC. I. Present-day climate and ENSO events : Climate Dynamics, vol.12, no.3, p. 195-212, 1996
Luther, D.S.; Harrison, D.E. : Observing long-period fluctuations of surface winds in the tropical Pacific: initial results from island data, (wind stress changes associated with El Niño events in the period 1950-78 are examined at seven locations) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.112, no.2, p. 285-302, 1984
Luther, D.S.; Harrison, D.E.; Knox, R.A. : Zonal winds in the central equatorial Pacific and El Niño : Science, vol.222, no.4621, p. 327-30, 1983
Luyanas, V.Yu. : El Niño and the Seasonal Maximum in the Concentration of Radioactive Aerosols in the Lower Atmosphere : Izvestiia. Atmospheric and oceanic physics., v 25 n 11 Page: 909, 1989
Lynn, R.J. : The 1982-83 Warm Episode in the California Current, (The Warm Episode (El Niño) of 1982-83 has produced elevated steric height (geopotential anomaly) along the coast of California and Baja California) : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.10, no.11, p. 1093-5, 1983