O'Brien, J.J; Parham, F. : Equatorial Kelvin waves do not vanish : Monthly Weather Review, vol.120, no.8, p. 1764-6, 1992
O'Brien, J J; Richards, T S ; Davis, A C : The Effect Of El-Niņo On Us Landfalling Hurricanes : Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society V. 77 No. 4 Apr P. 773-774, Available Online, 1996
Ono, K. A.; Boness, D. J. : The Influence of El Niño on Mother-Pup Behavior, Pup Ontogeny, and Sex Ratios in the California Sea Lion : Ecological studies : analysis and synthesis, Volume 88, 185-192, 1991
Onodera, E. : Contributions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the El Niño events and the Earth's rotational speed : Geodetic Society of Japan, v36 n4, pp 267-276, 1990
Oort, A; Yienger, J J : Observed Interannual Variability In The Hadley Circulation And Its Connection To Enso : Journal Of Climate V. 9 No. 11 P. 2751-2767, 1996
Ortlieb, L.; Machare, J. : Former El Niño events: records from western South America : Global & Planetary Change, v7 n1-3, pp 181-202, 1993
Owen, J.A.; Palmer, T.N. : The impact of El Niño on an ensemble of extended-range forecasts : Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, no.9, p. 2103-17, 1987
Paine, R. T. : Benthic community-water column coupling during the 1982-1983 El Niño. Are community changs at high latitudes attributable to cause or coincidence? : Limnology & Oceanography, v31 n2, pp 351-360, 1986
Palmer, T.N.; Mansfield, D.A. : A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El Niño events using a high resolution general circulation model. I. Influence of model climatology : Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.112, no.473, p. 613-38, 1986
Palmer, T.N.; Mansfield, D.A. : A study of wintertime circulation anomalies during past El Niño events using a high resolution general circulation model. II. Variability of the seasonal mean response : Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.112, no.473, p. 639-60, 1986
Palmer, T.N.; Mansfield, D.A. : Response of two atmospheric general circulation models to sea-surface temperature anomalies in the tropical East and West Pacific, (These experiments suggest a possible explanation for the difference in mid-latitude response during the 1976-7 El Niño winter and the El Niño winters of 1972-3 and 1982-3) : Nature, vol.310, no.5977, p. 483-5, 1984
Palomares-Garcia, R; Gomezgutierrez, J : Copepod Community Structure At Bahia-Magdalena, Mexico During El Niño 1983-84 : Estuarine Coastal And Shelf Science V. 43 No. 5 P. 583-595, 1996
Pariwono, J.I.; Bye, J.A.T.; Lennon, G.W. : Long-period variations of sea-level in Australasia, (These features are related to the ENSO cycle which for the first time is linked, inter alia, with Southern Ocean mechanisms) : Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.87, no.1, p. 43-54, 1986
Parungo, F.; Hicks, B. : Sulfate aerosol distributions and cloud variations during El Niño anomalies : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.98, no.D2, p. 2667-75, 1993
Patzert, W.C. : El Niño expedition-a step toward ocean prediction : Naval Research Reviews, vol.29, no.4, p. 18-21, 1976
Pazan, S.E.; White, W.B.; Inoue, M.; O'Brien, J.J. : Off-equatorial influence upon Pacific equatorial dynamic height variability during the 1982-3 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, no.C7, p. 8437-49, 1986
Pearce, F. : El Niño roars back against the odds : New Scientist v. 138, p. 7, 1993
Pearce, A. F.; Phillips, B. F. : ENSO events, the Leeuwin Current, and larval recruitment of the western rock lobster : Journal du Conseil - Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, v45 n1, pp 13-21, 1988
Pearcy, W. G.; Schoener, A. : Changes in the marine biota coincident with the 1982 -1983 El Niño in the northeastern subarctic Pacific Ocean : Journal of Geophysical Research, v92 C13, pp 14,417-14,428, 1987
Penland, C.; Matrosova, L. : A balance condition for stochastic numerical models with application to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.9, p. 1352-72, 1994
: :
Pereyra Diaz, D.; Angulo Cordova, Q.; Palma Grayeb, B. E. : Effect of ENSO on the mid-summer drought in Veracruz State, Mexico : Atmosfera, v7 n4, pp 211-219, 1994
Perigaud, C.; Dewitte, B. : El Niño-La Nina events simulated with Cane and Zebiak`s model and observed with satellite or in situ data. I. Model data comparison : Journal of Climate, vol.9, no.1, p. 66-84, 1996
Peterson, C.D.; Jackson, P.L.; O'Neil, D.J.; Rosenfeld, C.L.; Kimerling, A.J. : Littoral cell response to interannual climatic forcing 1983-7 on the central Oregon coast, USA : Journal of Coastal Research, vol.6, no.1, p. 87-110, 1990
Philander, S.G.H. : El Niño and La Nina. A vast system of ocean-atmosphere exchanges covering the tropical Pacific : American scientist, v 77 n 5 Page: 451, 1989
Philander, S.G.H. : El Niño and La Nina : American Scientist, v77 n5, pp 451-459, 1989
Philander, S.G.H. : Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984 : Nature, vol.322, no.6076, p. 236-8, 1986
Philander, S.G.H. : El Niño and La Nina : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.42, no.23, p. 2652-62, 1985
Philander, S.G.H. : El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomena (Ecuador, Peru) : Nature, vol.302, no.5906, p. 295-301, 1983
Philander, S.G.H. : Anomalous El Niño of 1982-83 : Nature, v305 n5929, p 16, 1983
Philander, S.G.H.; Delecluse, P. : Coastal currents in low latitudes (with application to the Somali and El Niño currents) : Deep-Sea Research, Part A (Oceanographic Research Papers), vol.30, no.8A, p. 887-902, 1983
Philander, S.G.H.; Hurlin, W.J.; Pacanowski, R.C. : Initial conditions for a general circulation model of tropical oceans, (A general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean, which realistically stimulates El Niño of 1982-3, has been used to determine how different initial conditions affect the model) : Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.17, no.1, p. 147-57, 1987
Philander, S.G.H.; Lau, N.C.; Pacanowski, R.C. : Two different simulations of the Southern Oscillation and El Niño with coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models : Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society, v 329 n 1604 Page: 167, 1989
Philander, S.G.H.; Pacanowski, R.C.; Lau, N.C.; Nath, M.J. : Simulation of ENSO with a global atmospheric GCM coupled to a high-resolution, tropical Pacific Ocean GCM : Journal of Climate, vol.5, no.4, p. 308-29, 1992
Philander, S.G.H.; Yamagata, T.; Pacanowski, R.C. : Unstable air-sea interactions in the tropics, (During El Niño Southern Oscillation events modest anomalies amplify spatially and temporally until the entire tropical Pacific ocean and the global atmospheric circulation are affected) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.41, no.4, p. 604-13, 1984
Picaut, J.; Delcroix, T. : Equatorial wave sequence associated with warm pool displacements during the 1986-1989 El Niño-La Nina : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, no.C9, p. 18393-408, 1995
Picaut, J.; Ioualalen, M.; Menkes, C.; Delcroix, T.; McPhaden, M.J. : Mechanism of the zonal displacements of the Pacific warm pool: implications for ENSO : Science, vol.274, no.5292, p. 1486-9, 1996
Piechota, T C; Dracup, J A : Drought And Regional Hydrologic Variation In The United-States Associations With The El Niño Southern Oscillation : Water Resources Research V. 32 No. 5 P. 1359-1373, 1996
Pinker, R.T.; Laszlo, I. : Interannual variability of solar irradiance over the Amazon Basin including the 1982-83 El Niño year : Journal of Climate, vol.5, no.11, p. 1305-15, 1992
Pisciottano, G.; Diaz, A.; Cazes, G.; Mechoso, C.R. : El Niño-Southern Oscillation impact on rainfall in Uruguay : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.8, p. 1286-302, 1994
Pisias, N. G.; Murray, D. W.; Roelofs, A. K. : Radiolarian and silicoflagellate response to oceanographic changes as sociated with the 1983 El Niño : Nature, v320 n6059, pp 259-262, 1986
: :
Polonsky, A. B. : Comparative study of the Pacific ENSO event of 1991-92 and the Atlantic ENSO-like event of 1991 : Australian Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, v45 n4, pp 705-725, 1994
Ponte, R.M. : The statistics of extremes, with application to El Niño : Reviews of Geophysics, vol.24, no.2, p. 285-97, 1986
Ponte, R.M.; Rosen, R.D.; Boer, G.J. : Angular momentum and torques in a simulation of the atmosphere's response to the 1982-83 El Niño : Journal of Climate, vol.7, no.4, p. 538-50, 1994
Portman, D.A.; Gutzler, D.S. : Explosive volcanic eruptions, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, and U.S. climate variability : Journal of Climate, vol.9, no.1, p. 17-33, 1996
Prabhakara, C.; Short, D.A.; Vollmer, B.E. : El Niño and atmospheric water vapor: observations from Nimbus 7 SMMR : Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, vol.24, no.12, p. 1311-24, 1985
Prabhakara, C.; Short, D.A.; Wiscombe, W.; Fraser, R.S.; Vollmer, B.E. : Rainfall over oceans inferred from Nimbus 7 SMMR: application to 1982-3 El Niño : Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, vol.25, no.10, p. 1464-74, 1986
Prasad, K D; Singh, S V : Seasonal-Variations Of The Relationship Between Some Enso Parameters And Indian Rainfall : International Journal Of Climatology V. 16 No. 8 P. 923-933, 1996
Prospero, J.M.; Nees, R.T. : Impact of the North African drought and El Niño on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds : Nature, vol.320, no.6064, p. 735-8, 1986
Prospero, J.M.; Savoie, D.L.; Nees, R.T.; Duce, R.A.; Merrill, J. : Particulate sulfate and nitrate in the boundary layer over the north Pacific Ocean, (the ENSO began in 1982 shortly after the end of the data record presented) : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.90, no.D6, p. 10586-96, 1985
Pu Shuzhen,; Yu Huiling : Threshold autoregression models for forecasting El Niño events : Acta Oceanologica Sinica, v9 n1, pp 61-67, 1990
Qian Weihong : The understanding of ENSO cycle mechanism and ENSO potential prediction ability : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, v11/1, 105-118, 1997
Qian Weihong ; Chou, J F : Atmosphere Earth Angular-Momentum Exchange And Enso Cycle : Science In China Series D-Earth Sciences V. 39 No. 2 96 Apr P. 215-224, 1996
Qing Zhong : An ENSO theory: theoretical analysis of a nonlinear atmosphere-ocean coupled characteristic system and its relation with ENSO events : Annales Geophysicae. Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, vol.8, no.12, p. 845-58, 1990
Quinn, W.H. : Monitoring and predicting El Niño invasions : Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.13, no.7, p. 825-30, 1974
Quinn, W.H.; Neal, V.T. : Long-term variations in the Southern Oscillation, El Niño, and Chilean subtropical rainfall : Fishery Bulletin, v81 n2, pp 363-374, 1983
Quinn, W.H.; Neal, V.T.; Antunez de Mayolo, S.E. : El Niño occurrences over the past four and a half centuries : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, no.C13, p. 14449-61, 1987
Quinn, W.H.; Zopf, David O.; Short, Kent S.; Kuo Yang, Richard T. W : Historical trends and statistics of the Southern Oscillation, El Niño, and Indonesian droughts ( Peru) : Fishery Bulletin, v76 n3, pp 663-678, 1981
Quiroz, R.S. : The climate of the 'El Niño' winter of 1982-3-a season of extraordinary climatic anomalies : Monthly Weather Review, vol.111, no.8, p. 1685-706, 1983
Rajeevan, M. : Post monsoon tropical cyclone activity in the north Indian Ocean in relation to the El Niño/souther oscillation phenomenon : Mausam, v 40 n 1 Page: 43, 1989
Ralph, W. : Drought and the El Niño phenomenon ( Australia, Pacific) : CSIRO Environmental Research, v38, pp 13-15, 1984
Ramage, C.S. : Preliminary discussion of the meteorology of the 1972-73 El Niño : Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.56, no.2, p. 234-42, 1975
Ramage, C. S.; Hori, A. M. : Meteorological aspects of El Niño : Monthly Weather Review, v109 n9, pp 1827-1835, 1981
Ramanathan, V.; Collins, W. : Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Niño : Nature, vol.351, no.6321, p. 27-32
Ramos Duron, F.; Gallegos Garcia, A.; de la Lanza Espino, G. : Nutrient distributions in the shelf waters off Guerrero, Mexico during the 1982 -83 ENSO episode : Revista Geofisica, v24, pp 157-172, 1986
Rasmusson, E.M. : El Niño and variations in climate : American Scientist, vol.73, no.2, p. 168-77, 1985
Rasmusson, E.M. : El Niño: the ocean/atmosphere connection : Oceanus, v27 n2, pp 5-12, 1984
Rasmusson, E.M. : El Niño - the great equatorial Pacific Ocean warming event of 1982-1983 : Weatherwise, v36 n4, pp 166-175, 1983
Rasmusson, E.M.; Carpenter, T.H. : The relationship between eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka, (Monsoon season (June-September) precipitation data from 31 Indian subdivisions and mean monthly precipitation data from 35 Indian and Sri Lanka stations, spanning the period 1875-1979, were analyzed to determine the relationship between equatorial Pacific warm episodes (El Niño events) and interannual fluctuations in precipitation over India and Sri Lanka) : Monthly Weather Review, vol.111, no.3, p. 517-28, 1983
Rasmusson, E.M.; Carpenter, T.H. : Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño : Monthly Weather Review, vol.110, no.5, p. 354-84, 1982
Rasmusson, E.M.; Mo, K. : Linkages between 200-mb tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle : Journal of Climate, v6 n4, pp 595-616, 1993
Rasmusson, E.M.; Wallace, J.M. : Meteorological aspects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation : Science, vol.222, no.4629, p. 1195-202, 1983
Rasmusson, E.M.; Xueliang Wang,; Ropelewski, C. F. : The biennial component of ENSO variability : Journal of Marine Systems, v1 n1-2, pp 71-96, 1990
: :
Reason, C. J. C. : On the effect of ENSO precipitation anomalies in a global ocean GCM : Climate Dynamics, v8 n1, pp 39-47
Reed, R.K. : Effects of surface heat flux during the 1972 and 1982 El Niño episodes : Nature, vol.322, no.6078, p. 449-50, 1986
Reed, R.K. : Oceanographic observations off the Pacific Northwest following the 1982 El Niño event : Marine Fisheries Review, v46 n1, pp 7-12, 1984
Reid, F.M.H.; Stewart, E. : Nearshore microplanktonic assemblages off southern California in February 1983 during the El Niño event : Continental shelf research. v 9 n 1 Page: 37, 1989
Reiter, E.R. : The interannual variability of the ocean-atmosphere system, (The trade wind surges also are related to El Niño through a feedback involving the hydrological cycle and upwelling of cold water forced by Ekman pumping) : Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.35, no.3, p. 349-70, 1978
Ren Zhenqiu; Zhang Suqin : Decrease of Earth rotation and El Niño events : Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol.44, no.4, p. 411-16, 1986
Ren Zhenqiu; Zhang Suqin : Earth rotation and El Niño events : Kexue Tongbao (Foreign Language Edition), vol.30, no.5, p. 644-9, 1985
Renwick, J A; Wallace, J M : Relationships Between North Pacific Wintertime Blocking, El Niño, And The Pna Pattern : Monthly Weather Review V. 124 No. 9 P. 2071-2076, 1996
Reyes, S.; Mejia-Trejo, A. : Tropical perturbations in the eastern Pacific and the precipitation field over north-western Mexico in relation of the ENSO phenomenon : International Journal of Climatology, vol.11, no.5, p. 515-28, 1991
Ribic, C. A.; Ainley, D. G.; Spear, L. B. : Effects of El Niño and La Nina on seabird assemblages in the equatorial Pacific : Marine Ecology Progress Series, v80 n2-3, pp 109-124, 1992
Richez, C.; Philander, G.; Crepon, M. : Oceanic response to coastal winds with shear, (downwelling eventually reaches a constant value which extends westward at the speed of long baroclinic Rossby waves and occupies a large surface of the ocean, this phenomenon could trigger the El Niño) : Oceanologica Acta, vol.7, no.4, p. 409-16, 1984
Richmond, R. H. : The effects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on the dispersal of corals and other marine organisms : Monograph: Global Ecological Consequences Of The 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pp 127-140 / Editor: Glynn, P.W., 1990
Ridgway, K.R. ; Godfrey, J.S.; Meyers, G.; Bailey, R. : Sea level response to the 1986-1987 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event in the western Pacific in the vicinity of Papua New Guinea : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.98, no.C9, p. 16387-95, 1993
Rienecker, M.M.; Mooers, C.N.K. : The 1982-3 El Niño signal off northern California : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, no.C5, p. 6597-608, 1986
Ripepe, M.; Roberts, L. T.; Fischer, A. G. : ENSO and sunspot cycles in varved Eocene oil shales from image analysis : Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v61 n7, pp 1155-1163, 1991
Robinson, G. R. : Negative effects of the 1982-83 El Niño on Galapagos marine life : Oceanus, v30 n2, pp 42-48, 1987
Robock, A. : Detection of volcanic, CO/sub 2/, and ENSO signals in surface air temperature : Advances in Space Research, vol.5, no.6, p. 53-6, 1985
Robock, A.; Taylor, K.E.; Stenchikov, G.L.; Yuhe Liu : GCM evaluation of a mechanism for El Niño triggering by the El Chichon ash cloud : Geophysical Research Letters, vol.22, no.17, p. 2369-72, 1995
Roeckner, E; Oberhuber, J M; Bacher, A; Christoph, M; Kirchner, I : Enso Variability And Atmospheric Response In A Global Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Gcm : Climate Dynamics V. 12 No. 11 P. 737-754, 1996
Roemer, J : El Niño and the Grain Belt : Cycles, v 42 n 4 Page: 196, 1991
Rollins, H. B.; Sandweiss, D. H.; Rollins, J. C. : Effect of the 1982-1983 El Niño on bivalve mollusks : National Geographic Research, v2 n1, pp 106-112, 1986
Rong-Hua Zhang; Endoh, M. : Simulation of the 1986-1987 El Niño and 1988 La Nina events with a free surface tropical Pacific Ocean general circulation model : Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.99, no.C4, p. 7743-59, 1994
Ronghui, Huang; Yifang, Wu : The Influence of ENSO on the Summer Climate Change in China and Its Mechanism : Advances in atmospheric sciences, v 6 n 1 Page: 21, 1989