Routine ht_adj in Modularized Flux Testbed

Parameters adjusted to the height specified by z_wanted. Adjustment assumes the modified log-profile is valid at both the observation (ref_ht_wind) and the wanted height (z_wanted), provided that the variable CONVECT is set to zero.

Input Parameters:

Lists input parameters and tables explaining options.

Parameter	Type	Description	Units	Argument Number
dyn_in_prm	int	Dynamic input parameter index	none	1
dyn_in_val	float	Dynamic input value. Usually the mean wind speed at the height (zref) of the anemometer. Other input options are friction velocity (magnitude), wind stress (magnitude), and equivalent neutral wind speed (scatterometer wind speed). Altnernatively, this value can be a vector component of the wind (or other such inputs). It should be a vector component in the direction of wave propagation. In a future release, I plan on allowing this to be the u-compoent,.	see below	2
dyn_in_val2	float	Dynamic input value 2. This value is usually zero because magnitude of the wind is often entered in dyn_in_val. If a vector component is entered in dyn_in_val, then dyn_in_val is the other vector component.	see below	2
CONVECT	float	Convective parameter. Recommended value between 0.7 and 1.25. For details see TOGA NOTES #4	none	4
CONV_CRIT	float	Convergence criterion	fraction	5
pressure	float	Atmospheric surface pressure. Note that the 2nd most common error in data entry is to enter this value with the wrong units; don't use mb or hPa.	Pa	6
air_moist_prm	int	Atmospheric moisture parameter index	none	7
air_moist_val	float	Value of the parameter corresponding to the above index	see below	8
sfc_moist_prm	int	Surface moisture parameter index	none	9
sfc_moist_val	float	Value of the parameter corresponding to the above index	see below	10
salinity	float	Salinity. Enter as a fraction (e.g., 0.0349) rather than parts per thousand	none	11
ss_prm	int	Seastate parameter index	none	12
ss_val	float	Value of the parameter corresponding to the above index	see below	13
t_air	float	Air temperature at the reference height of the thermometer and humidity sensor	C	14
SST_prm	float	Disignates the surface temperature as a skin temperature or a bulk temperature. Currently this variable is not used in the code.	non	15
t_skin	float	Skin temperature of the water.	C	16
ref_ht_wind	float	Height of the wind observations	m	17
ref_ht_tq	float	Height of the temperature observations. Note: in the current version of the code this must equal to height of the humidity observations.	m	18
z_wanted	float	The height to which the wind speed, potential temperature, and specific humidity are adjusted. Note that the variable CONVECT should be set to zero for proper height adjustment.	m	19
astab	int	Atmospheric stability option	none	20
eqv_neut_prm	int	Equivalent Neutral Winds Parameter. Do not confuse this variable with astab (for neutral or non-neutral winds). This variable is for adjusting in situ winds to satellite winds, which are termed equivalent neutral winds.	none	21
Qnet	int	Net energy flux density through the air/sea interface	Wm^-2	22
warn	float	Set to zero for no warming written to the screen. Set to one for warning written to the screen.	none	23
flux_model	int	Set to <0 to not use this option. It sets the options for roughness lengths and stability parameterizations to match published flux models as well as modifications to these models. This optionsn is ideal for users unfamilair with the technical details of models and for users that simply want to replicate a published model. Click on the link to a list of the preset options. Alternatively, set this value to <0 and selection options using z0_mom_prm, z0_TQ_prm, and stable_prm.	none	24
z0_mom_prm	int	Momentum roughness length parameterization. To use this input, flux_model must have a value less than zero.	none	25
z0_TQ_prm	int	Potential temperature and moisture roughness length parameterization. To use this input, flux_model must have a value less than zero.	none	26
stable_prm	int	Stability parameterization. If astab=0 (neutral stability) then this setting has no influence. Furthermore, flux_model must have a value less than zero.	none	27
A_oil	float	Fraction of surface covered by oil. Normally the input value for this parameter is zero. Larger value will suppress capillary waves and mimic the supression of shorter gravity waves.	none	28

Output Variables:

Vector components are calculated parallel and perpendicular to the direction in which the dominant waves are propagating. The first component is parallel the direction of wave propagation, and the second component is perpendicular to the first (while looking down it is 90 counter-clockwise from the first component; i.e., in a right handed coordinate system with the positive vertical axis pointing upward). For most applications there will be insufficient wave information, requiring the assumption of local wind-wave equilibrium. This assumption implies that the wind and the waves are moving in the same direction; which results in the first component of the vectors being parallel to the wind direction, and the second component being zero.

All output is single precision floating point.

The routine returns a integer value (i.e., a warning flag). Positive values indicate a lack of specific problems. If there are problems with missing input, non-convergence within the algorithm, or if the modeled physics obviously fails to apply, then the output is set to -1. For example, if the thickness of the boundary layer is too small (i.e., the absolute value of the Obhukov scale length less than or equal to 1 m) then the warning flag is set at -1.

Parameter	Type	Description	Units	Argument Number
shf	float	sensible heat flux (positive upward)	W m^-2	28
lhf	float	latent heat flux (positive upward)	W m^-2	29
tau	vector float	stress vector. There are more details on the conversion to zonal and meridional components.	N m^-2	30
u_star	vector float	friction velocity (u_*)	m s^-1	31
t_star	float	scaling term for potential temperature (T_*)	C	32
q_star	float	scaling parameter for moisture (q_*)	none	33
z_over_L	float	dimensionless Monin-Obhukov scale length	none	34
wave_age	float	wave age, c_p/u_*	none	35
dom_phs_spd	float	dominant phase speed of gravity waves	m s^-1	36
h_sig	float	significant wave height	m	37
ww_stab	float	wind-wave evolution parameter	none	38
zo_m	vector float	momentum roughness length	m	39
u_at_z	float	wind speed at the specified height	m s^-1	40
t_at_z	float	potential temperature at the specified height	^oC	41
q_at_z	float	specific humidity at the specified height	kg kg^-1	42

Options for dynamic input:

Typically wind speed is used as an input to boundary-layer models. However, scatterometers are now producing 'observations' of friction velocity and equivelent neutral wind speed.

dyn_in	Description	Units
0	Wind speed, relative to the surface current	m/s
1	Friction velocity (magnitude)	m/s
2	Surface wind stress (magnitude)	N/m^2
3	Equivalent neutral wind speed (relative to the surface current)	m/s

Options for atmospheric stability condition:

The atmospheric stability in the boundary-layer can be assumed to neutral, or it can be calculated input parameters.

astab	Description	Units
0	Atmospheric stability is assumed to be neutral	none
1	Stability is calculatedi and used.	none
2	The value of z/L passed into the routine is used. This option is unavailable in versions prior to the 2021 version.	none

Options for outputting (or not outputting) equivalent neutral winds:

This parameter can modifies how the height adjusted wind speed (u_at_z) is calculated. Note that the various forms of nuetral equivalent values have some dependency on the stability parameterization.

eqv_neut	Description	Units
0	Height adjustment is not modified, winds are still normal winds.	none
1	Equivalent neutral winds are calculated and output in the u_at_z variable. This version of equivalent neutral winds (Ross et al., 1985; Liu and Tang, 1996; Kara et al., 2008) treats the friction velocity and roughness length as identical to the observed winds and stability, and uses those values to calculate a height adjusted wind for neutral conditions. Optimized for preserving stress: the correct stress can be calculated from this equivalent neutral wind speed by using air density and a neutral drag coefficient.	none
2	Equivalent neutral winds are calculated and output in t he u_at_z variable. This version of equivalent neutral winds (Geernaert and Katsaros, 1986) preserves the roughness length for momentum, but does not preserve the friction velocity. Optimized for a neutral CD.	none

Geernaert, G. L., and K. B. Katsaros (1986), Incorporation of stratification effects on the oceanic roughness length in the derivation of the neutral drag coefficient, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1580-1584.

Kara, A. B., Wallcraft, A. J., & Bourassa, M. A. (2008). Air-Sea Stability Effects on the 10m Winds Over the Global Ocean: Evaluations of Air-Sea Flux Algorithms. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C04009. doi:10.1029/2007JC004324

Liu, W. T., and W. Tang (1996), Equivalent neutral wind, JPL Publ., 96-17, 8 pp.

Ross, D. B., V. J. Cardone, J. Overland, R. D. McPherson, W. J. Pierson Jr., and T. Yu (1985), Oceanic surface winds, Adv. Geophys., 27, 101-138.

Options for seastate parameterizations:

There are six possible seastate assumptions: any one of the following can be treated as known: wind-wave stability parameter (set to 1.0 for local equilibrium), phase speed, wave age, significant wave height, significant slope, and the period of the dominant waves. Caution: in many cases, these wave characteristics will correspond to swell rather than the phase speed of locally wind induced waves.

ss_prm	Parameter treated as known (ss_val)	Units
0	Wind-wave stability parameter from Bourassa et al. (1999) BVW. Set to 1.0 for wind/wave equilibrium.	none
1	Phase speed of the dominant waves. Note: in many cases, this phase speed will correspond to the swell rather than the phase speed of locally wind induced waves. Use of the wrong phase speed can lead to large overestimations of fluxes. If no other wave data are input this phase speed will be used in Toba's relation, which is better suited for wind waves than swell.	m/s
2	Wave age the dominant waves. This is used to modify Charnock's parameter. (c_p/u_*)	none
3	Significant wave height. if no other wave data are input this phase speed will be used in Toba's relation, which is better suited for wind waves than swell. (H_s)	m
4	Significant slope. If no other wave data are input this phase speed will be used in Toba's relation, which is better suited for wind waves than swell. (H_s/l)	none
5	Period of the dominant waves. If no other wave data are input this phase speed will be used in Toba's relation, which is better suited for wind waves than swell. (T_p)	s

Options for atmospheric moisture input:

Choose the moisture parameter that is easiest for you to deal with:

air_moist_prm	Parameter for moisture of air (air_moist_val)	Units
0	Specific humidity at the reference height of the thermometer and humidity sensor	g vapor / g air
1	Relative humidity	fraction
2	Dew point temperature	C
3	Wet bulb temperature	C

Options for surface moisture input:

Choose the moisture parameter that is easiest for you to deal with:

sfc_moist_prm	Parameter for moisture of air (sfc_moist_val)	Units
0	Specific humidity 'at' (near) the surface	g vapor / g air
1	Relative humidity	fraction
2	Dew point temperature	C
3	Wet bulb temperature	C

Options for selecting parameterizations to match published flux models:

flux_model	Parameter for moisture of air (sfc_moist_val)
<0	The flux_model variable is not used. Instead, the parameterizations are selected using three variables: z0_mom_prm, z0_TQ_prm, and stable_prm.
0	Bourassa, Vincent and Wood (1999, JAS)
1	Smith (1988, JGR) version based on a momentum roughness length being a sum of roughesses for a smooth surface and gravity waves (Charnock's constant = 0.011).
2	BVW (1999) without stability considered in the estimation of wind speed a wave height.
3	BVW (1999) with Smith (1988) stability parameterization.
4	BVW (1999) without roughness from capillary waves.
5	BVW (1999) without surface tension in phase speed parameterizaiton.
6	BVW (1999) without roughness from capillary waves, and without surface tension in phase speed parameterizaiton.
7	Taylor and Yelland (2001, JTECH) parameterization (warning - use only with wind waves).
8	Taylor and Yelland (2001, JTECH) parameterization with additional momentum roughness length due to capillary wavesi (warning - use only with wind waves).
9	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and CFC (Clayson, Fairall, and Curry) roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture.
10	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and CFC (Clayson, Fairall, and Curry) roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture, and a displacement height of 80% of the significant wave height. This assumption about displacement height works for wind driven waves; however, a displacement height of zero is a better assumption for swell.
11	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and Zilitinkevich et al. roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture.
12	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and LKB (Liu, Katsaros, and Businger; 1979; JAS) roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture.
13	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and COARE3.0 (ref) roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture.
14	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and wall theory roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture.
15	Bourassa (2006) roughness length parameterization and CFC (Clayson, Fairall, and Curry) roughness length parameterization for potential temperature and moisture. The surface is also considered to be covered with oil modeled after the DWH spill.

Roughness Length Options for Momentum:

This option is applied only if flux_model < 0.

z0_mom_prm	Parameterizaton for Momentum Roughness Length (z0_mom_prm)
0	Bourassa, Vincent and Wood (1999, JAS) momentum roughness length parameterization.
1	Bourassa (2006) momentum roughness length parameterization.
2	Taylor and Yelland (1999, JTECH) momentum roughness length parameterization with additional roughness from BVW capillary waves. Currently does not work - DO NOT USE
3	Taylor and Yelland (1999, JTECH) momentum roughness length parameterization. Currently does not work - DO NOT USE
4	Bourassa (2006) momentum roughness length parameterization modified for an oil slick modeled after the DWH slick.
5	Aerodynamically smooth surface.
6	2020 version of the oil slick code. Use with A_oil = 0.0 to have a more realistic open ocean mean roughness length while near the capillary cutoff. Uses a fixed value of Charnock's constant of 0.018. Not available prior to the 2021 update.
7	Uses a constant input value of momentum Roughness length. Not available prior to the 2021 update.

Roughness Length Options for Potential Temperature and Moisture:

This option is applied only if flux_model < 0. Note that the potential temperature and moisture roughness lengths are calculated separately; however, the type of parameterization comes from the same source.

z0_TQ_prm	Parameterizaton Type for Potential Temperature and Moisture Roughness Length (z0_TQ_prm)
0	Wall theory
1	CFC (Clayson, Fairall and Curry; 1996, JGR) parameterization.
2	Zilitinkevich et al. (2001) roughness length parameterization.
3	LKB (Liu, Katsaros, and Businger; 1979, JAS) parameterization.
4	COARE3.0 parameterization
5	Modified (Griffin, M.S. Thesis) CFC (Clayson, Fairall and Curry; 1996, JGR) parameterization.

Boundary-Layer Stability Options:

This option is applied only if flux_model < 0.

stable_prm	Parameterizaton Type for Boundary-Layer Stability (stable_prm)
0	Bourassa, Vincent and Wood (1999) selection of parameterizations: Businger-Dyer parameterizations as applied for unstable by Benoit (1977; with updated fitting parameters), stable parameterizations from Beljaars and Holstag (1991)
1	Smith (1988; JGR) selection of parameterizations: Dyer (1974) with original fitting parameters.
2	COAWST parameterizations (not available prior to 2021 version): Dyer (1974) for unstable conditions and Hicks parameterization for stable conditions.
3	Paulson (1970) parameterizations (not available prior to 2021 version). The difference from the Dyer parameterizations is that z0/L is not assumed to be zero.

Last update: Sept. 22, 2012

Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies