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Author Morey, S. L.; Zavala-Hidalgo, J.; O'Brien, J. J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The seasonal variability of continental shelf circulation in the northern and western Gulf of Mexico from a high-resolution numerical model Type $loc['typeBook Chapter']
  Year 2005 Publication New Developments in the Circulation of the Gulf of Mexico Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ocean circulation� Mexico, Gulf of� Remote sensing; Ocean circulation� Mexico, Gulf of� Mathematical models  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Sturges, W.; Lugo-Fernandez, A.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Geophys. Mongr. Ser. Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue 161 Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding ONR, NASA, MMS Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 852  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Arguez, A. url  openurl
  Title Indexing, Mode Definition, and Signal Extraction in Climate Research: Analysis and Applications Involving the MJO, the AO, and ENSO Type $loc['typeManuscript']
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract There are two objectives of the present study. The primary objective is to undertake the following research projects involving the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO): (1) an assessment of the utility of using Cyclo-stationary empirical orthogonal function (CSEOF) analysis to define the AO, (2) an empirical analysis of ENSO impacts based on varying indicator and impact regions, (3) detection and extraction of the MJO signal from QuikSCAT, and (4) the development of a general algorithm for determining optimal filter weights for time series endpoints. A secondary objective is to enumerate the statistical and analytical treatments of the AO, ENSO, and the MJO. This will include comparisons of how these three modes are defined (including their indices) and extracted from geophysical data sets. The AO is defined using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of sea level pressure north of 20'N. The resulting spatial pattern and time series captures the regional influence of its precursor, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is a measure of mid-latitude zonal winds over the North Atlantic. ENSO was originally defined as the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia: the Southern Oscillation Index. Scientists now primarily use sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies averaged over one of the Ni'o regions as ENSO indices. The MJO was originally observed using spectral analysis of zonal wind time series in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific. Present day researchers use extensions of EOF analysis to construct MJO time series. For all three climate modes, the creation of high quality space-time data sets has allowed for more sophisticated indices, supplanting the simpler point-based metrics. For the AO project, the cyclo-stationarity of Northern Hemisphere sea level pressure variability is considered. CSEOF analysis is an extension of EOF analysis that allows multiple spatial maps per mode. It accomplishes this by cyclically extending the covariance matrix based on a parameter called the nested period. By using a nested period of 12, a climate mode can be decomposed into a series of 12 monthly maps and an associated time series. Unlike EOF PC time series, which typically have larger amplitudes during winter months, CSEOF PC time series do not favor a particular season because the physical evolution of the climate mode is posited in the loading vectors (the maps) rather than the time series. This is impossible to accomplish with regular EOF analysis because it relegates each mode to one single map. A compelling case is made for a cyclo-stationary interpretation of AO variability. The leading CSEOF mode includes AO-type variability during a winter regime, as well as a summer regime characterized by pressure anomalies centered over Mongolia and associated with rainfall variability in the vicinity of the Ganges delta and eastern China. EOF modes that contribute to the resulting maps of the leading CSEOF mode are identified, including the eighth mode, which is deemed responsible for the summertime Asian pattern. CSEOF analysis of the AO mode only exemplifies the power of CSEOF analysis with regard to transferring a mode's physical evolution from a PC time series to a series of loading vectors. For the ENSO project, traditional ENSO impact analysis was recast to investigate the teleconnections between U.S. climate and varying indicator regions of SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. This serves the dual purpose of finding a targeted indicator region for a particular impact zone (i.e. a localization of the teleconnection pattern) and indirectly assessing the viability of well-established ENSO indices (i.e. the Ni'o indices). Based on a selection of impact grid points with known ENSO responses, it appears that the most appropriate indicator region often varies from one impact grid point to another, as well as from warm SST phase to cold SST phase. In addition, air temperature composites behave differently than precipitation composites. In order to simultaneously consider the 'impact perspective' detailed above with the typical 'indicator perspective' (in which climate impacts are computed based on the well-established Ni'o indices), EOF analysis of composited climate fields, conditioned on SST phase, as functions of indicator region and impact zone was performed. The resulting modes represent indicator-impact pairs. Each mode has an impact amplitude function (a spatial temperature or precipitation anomaly signature over the impact region) and an associated indicator weighting function, which modulates the impact amplitude function based on the location of the indicator region. Based on this approach, the unusual yet well-established La Ni'a air temperature impact over the U.S. when using the Ni'o 1+2 region is accounted for as the superposition of two EOF modes. In addition, a teleconnection between tropical Pacific SST and Southeastern U.S. temperature anomalies is documented that is not related to ENSO. For the MJO project, wind data from the SeaWinds instrument on the QuikSCAT satellite are investigated to ascertain how well the surface manifestation of the MJO can be resolved. The MJO signal is detected in non-filtered gridded data using Extended EOF analysis of the zonal wind field, overshadowed by annual, semi-annual, and monsoon-related modes. After bandpass filtering with Lanczos weights, MJO signals are clearly detected in several kinematic quantities, including the zonal wind speed, the zonal pseudostress, and the velocity potential. Extraction of the MJO using QuikSCAT winds compares favorably with extraction using NCEP Reanalysis 2, except that the QuikSCAT signal appears to be more robust. For the filtering project, least squares techniques are utilized to retain endpoint intervals that are normally discarded due to filtering with convolutions in the time domain. The techniques minimize the errors between the pre-determined frequency response function (FRF) of interior points with FRF's that are to be determined for each position in the endpoint zone. The least squares techniques are differentiated by their constraints: (1) unconstrained, (2) equal-mean constraint, and (3) an equal-variance constraint. The equal-mean constraint forces the new weights to sum up to the same value as the pre-determined weights. The equal-variance constraint forces the new weights to be such that, after convolved with the input values, the expected variance is identical to the expected variance of the interior points. These 3 least squares methods are tested under three separate filtering scenarios and compared to each other as well as to the spectral filtering method, which is the standard of comparison. The results indicate that all 4 methods (including the spectral method) possess skill at determining suitable endpoints estimates. However, both the unconstrained and equal-mean schemes exhibit bias toward zero near the terminal ends due to problems with appropriating variance. The equal-variance and spectral techniques do not show evidence of this attribute and were never the worst performers. The equal-variance method showed great promise in the ENSO project involving a 5-month running mean filter, and performed at least on par with the other methods for virtually all time series positions in all three filtering scenarios.  
  Address Department of Meteorology  
  Corporate Author Thesis $loc['Ph.D. thesis']  
  Publisher Florida State University Place of Publication Tallahassee, FL Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 590  
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Author Samuelsen, A url  openurl
  Title Modeling the Effect of Eddies and Advection on the Lower Trophic Ecosystem in the Northeast Tropical Pacific Type $loc['typeManuscript']
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Physical-Biological Interactions, Marine Ecosystem Modeling, Pacific Ocean, Gulf Of Tehuantepec, Costa Rica Dome, Cross-Shelf Transport, Eddies  
  Abstract A medium complexity, nitrogen-based ecosystem model is developed in order to simulate the ecosystem in the northeast tropical Pacific. Several physical processes have major impact on the ecosystem in this region, most importantly intense wind jets along the coast and upwelling at the Costa Rica Dome (CRD). The ecosystem model is run “offline”, using a realistic physical ocean model hindcast as input. The physical model is a subdomain of the global Navy Coastal Ocean Model, which is a hybrid sigma-z level model. The model assimilates Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System temperature and salinity profiles derived from altimetry and sea surface temperature data. The model is forced by daily heat and momentum fluxes, and therefore captures short-term wind events such as the Tehuantepec jet. Because the model has high horizontal resolution (~1/8 degree) and assimilates sea surface height data, it has a realistic representation of eddies and mesoscale variability. The ecosystem model includes two nutrients (nitrate and ammonium), two size-classes of phytoplankton, two size-classes of zooplankton, and detritus. The model is run for 4 years from 1999 to 2002, with analyses focused on 2000-2002. The model is validated using SeaWiFS data and ship-based observations from the STAR-cruises (Stenella Abundance Research Project) of 1999 and 2000. The northernmost and most intense of the wind jets along Central America is the Tehuantepec jet. The Tehuantepec jet is responsible for upwelling large amounts of nutrient rich water south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The jet also occasionally produce large anti-cyclonic eddies that transport organic matter away from the coast. Because organic matter that is transported into the open ocean will eventually sink to the deep ocean, this has implications for the carbon export in this region. The model results are used to calculate cross-shelf fluxes in this region in order to estimate how much organic material is transported across the shelf break. Results show that at the Gulf of Tehuantepec there is high offshore export of organic material, particularly during eddy generation events, but also in fall. The highest export is on the order of 10 Mg C per meter of coastline per day and happens during eddy events. During these events there is a comparable onshore flux to the south of the gulf. Typically there is onshore flux to the south of the gulf during the summer. The model estimated transport away from the coast at the Gulf of Tehuantepec is 167 Tg C/year, and the onshore transport to the south of the gulf is 704 Tg C/year. The second subject of interest is the CRD. In this region, upwelling at the surface is caused by Ekman upwelling during the summer, although the dome is thought to be present at depth throughout the year. The doming of the isotherms below the thermocline is a result of vortex stretching and is decoupled from the wind-driven processes at the surface. A mass-balance budget is calculated at the CRD, and the horizontal and vertical fluxes are related to the abundance of plankton at the dome. There is upwelling (7.2X10-2 Sv ) at the dome throughout the year, but around the location of the dome (90° W), the upwelling is largest in the winter. Further west, input of nutrients from below is larger in the fall and summer. The results suggest that about 80% of the nitrate that is supplied to the dome during summer is actually brought up to the west of the dome and transported eastward by the North Equatorial Counter Current.  
  Address Department of Oceanography  
  Corporate Author Thesis $loc['Ph.D. thesis']  
  Publisher Florida State University Place of Publication Tallahassee, FL Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 591  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schoof, J.T.; Arguez, A.; Brolley, J.; O'Brien, J.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A new weather generator based on spectral properties of surface air temperatures Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Abbreviated Journal Agricultural and Forest Meteorology  
  Volume 135 Issue 1-4 Pages 241-251  
  Keywords new weather generator; spectral methods; stochastic modeling; surface air temperatures  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-1923 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 444  
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Author Subrahmanyam, B.; Murty, V.S.N.; Sharp, R.J.; O'Brien, J.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Air-sea Coupling During the Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean: A Case Study Using Satellite Observations Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Pure and Applied Geophysics Abbreviated Journal Pure appl. geophys.  
  Volume 162 Issue 8-9 Pages 1643-1672  
  Keywords tropical cyclones; Indian Ocean; EOL; OLR; sea-surface salinity; mixed layer depth; Remote Sensing  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-4553 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 452  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Arguez, A.; Bourassa, M.A.; O'Brien, J.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Detection of the MJO Signal from QuikSCAT Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Abbreviated Journal J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.  
  Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 1885-1894  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0739-0572 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding NASA, NOAA, NSF Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 445  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kara, A.B.; Hurlburt, H.E.; Wallcraft, A.J.; Bourassa, M.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Black Sea Mixed Layer Sensitivity to Various Wind and Thermal Forcing Products on Climatological Time Scales Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Climate Abbreviated Journal J. Climate  
  Volume 18 Issue 24 Pages 5266-5293  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0894-8755 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding DOD, NRL Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 446  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bourassa, M.A.; Romero, R.; Smith, S.R.; O'Brien, J.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A New FSU Winds Climatology Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Climate Abbreviated Journal J. Climate  
  Volume 18 Issue 17 Pages 3686-3698  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0894-8755 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding NASA, NOAA, NSF, ONR Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 449  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Shin, D.W.; Cocke, S.; LaRow, T.E.; O'Brien, J.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Seasonal Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in the FSU Climate Model Coupled to the CLM2 Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Climate Abbreviated Journal J. Climate  
  Volume 18 Issue 16 Pages 3217-3228  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0894-8755 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 450  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author LaRow, T.E.; Cocke, S.D.; Shin, D.W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Multiconvective Parameterizations as a Multimodel Proxy for Seasonal Climate Studies Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Climate Abbreviated Journal J. Climate  
  Volume 18 Issue 15 Pages 2963-2978  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0894-8755 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Funding Approved $loc['no']  
  Call Number COAPS @ mfield @ Serial 451  
Permanent link to this record
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