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El Niño refers to a massive warming off the coastal waters of Peru and Ecuador and the Southern Oscillation to the related atmospheric component of this phenomenon, often abbreviated as ENSO. The ocean warming covers a band from 10 degrees N to 10 degrees S and extends more than 90 degrees of longitude. Typically, the warming starts late in the boreal spring or summer and builds to a peak at the end of the year, with the event usually over by the following summer. It is a quasi-periodic phenomenon with global consequences in the form of flooding, droughts, and other phenomena. (TAMU, Glossary of Oceanography and the Related Geosciences with References) This index defines ENSO years based on sea surface temperature anomalies. Please visit the ENSO Index According to JMA SSTA page for more information. |
| Cold Phase | Neutral Phase | Warm Phase |
|---|---|---|
| 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1954 1955 1956 1964 1967 1970 1971 1973 1975 1988 |
1944 1950 1952 1953 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1966 1968 1974 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1983 1984 1985 1989 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 |
1951 1957 1963 1965 1969 1972 1976 1982 1986 1987 1991 |
El Niño/Southern Oscillation Categorized Years
(Based on the JMA - SST Anomaly Index).
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Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Library, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306-2840 Homepage: http://www.coaps.fsu.edu/lib/ (850) 644-6931 / (850) 644-4841 (fax) Thanks for visiting this page. Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies. Date of last update: Thursday Nov 15, '07 |