Kelly, T. B., Davison, P. C., Goericke, R., Landry, M. R., Ohman, M. D., & Stukel, M., R. (2019). The Importance of Mesozooplankton Diel Vertical Migration for Sustaining a Mesopelagic Food Web. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE, 6.
Abstract: We used extensive ecological and biogeochemical measurements obtained from quasi-Lagrangian experiments during two California Current Ecosystem Long-Term Ecosystem Research cruises to analyze carbon fluxes between the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones using a linear inverse ecosystem model (LIEM). Measurement constraints on the model include C-14 primary productivity, dilution-based microzooplankton grazing rates, gut pigment-based mesozooplankton grazing rates (on multiple zooplankton size classes), Th-234:U-238 disequilibrium and sediment trap measured carbon export, and metabolic requirements of micronekton, zooplankton, and bacteria. A likelihood approach (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) was used to estimate the resulting flow uncertainties from a sample of potential flux networks. Results highlight the importance of mesozooplankton active transport (i.e., diel vertical migration) in supplying the carbon demand of mesopelagic organisms and sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In nine water parcels ranging from a coastal bloom to offshore oligotrophic conditions, mesozooplankton active transport accounted for 18-84% (median: 42%) of the total carbon transfer to the mesopelagic, with gravitational settling of POC (12-55%; median: 37%), and subduction (2-32%; median: 14%) providing the majority of the remainder. Vertically migrating zooplankton contributed to downward carbon flux through respiration and excretion at depth and via mortality losses to predatory zooplankton and mesopelagic fish (e.g., myctophids and gonostomatids). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results of the LIEM were robust to changes in nekton metabolic demand, rates of bacterial production, and mesozooplankton gross growth efficiency. This analysis suggests that prior estimates of zooplankton active transport based on conservative estimates of standard (rather than active) metabolism are likely too low.
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Coles, V. J., Stukel, M. R., Brooks, M. T., Burd, A., Crump, B. C., Moran, M. A., et al. (2017). Ocean biogeochemistry modeled with emergent trait-based genomics. Science, 358(6367), 1149–1154.
Abstract: Marine ecosystem models have advanced to incorporate metabolic pathways discovered with genomic sequencing, but direct comparisons between models and “omics” data are lacking. We developed a model that directly simulates metagenomes and metatranscriptomes for comparison with observations. Model microbes were randomly assigned genes for specialized functions, and communities of 68 species were simulated in the Atlantic Ocean. Unfit organisms were replaced, and the model self-organized to develop community genomes and transcriptomes. Emergent communities from simulations that were initialized with different cohorts of randomly generated microbes all produced realistic vertical and horizontal ocean nutrient, genome, and transcriptome gradients. Thus, the library of gene functions available to the community, rather than the distribution of functions among specific organisms, drove community assembly and biogeochemical gradients in the model ocean.
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Weissman, D. E., & Bourassa, M. A. (2008). Measurements of the Effect of Rain-induced Sea Surface Roughness on the Satellite Scatterometer Radar Cross Section. In XXIX General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science, Union of Radio Science International (Vol. 4).
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Bourassa, M. A., & O'Brien, J. J. (1998). Non-inertial flow in NSCAT observations of Tehuantepec winds. In Proceedings of the NSCAT/QuikSCAT Science Team Workshop, Kona, Hawaii, USA.
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Bourassa, M. A., Legler, D. M., & O'Brien, J. J. (1999). SeaWinds on QuikSCAT validation with research vessel winds. In Proceedings from the QuikSCAT Cal/Val – Early Science Meeting, [Available from Scatterometer Projects Office, Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA 91109], Arcadia, CA, USA.
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Bourassa, M. A., Pegion, P. J., Legler, D. M., & O'Brien, J. J. (1999). An objective technique for global gridded daily wind fields. In Proceedings from the QuikSCAT Cal/Val – Early Science Meeting, [Available from Scatterometer Projects Office, Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA 91109], Arcadia, CA, USA.
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O'Brien, J. J., & Bourassa, M. A. (2000). Scatterometry at COAPS. In Proceedings of the Ocean Vector Wind Science Team Meeting, Arcadia, CA, USA.
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Bellow, J. G. (2006). El Niño-Southern Oscillation Effects and Forecasting Chill Unit Accumulation for Deciduous Fruit Crops in the Southeastern USA. In Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science 66th Annual Meeting. Feb. 4-6, Orlando, Florida, United States.
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Henson, J. I., Muller-Karger, F., Wilson, D., Morey, S. L., Maul, G. A., Luther, M., et al. (2006). Strategic geographic positioning of sea level gauges to aid in early detection of tsunamis in the Intra-Americas Sea. Science of Tsunami Hazards, 25(3), 173–207.
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