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Xu, X.; Chassignet, E.P., Wang, F. | ||||
| Title | On the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation transports in coupled CMIP5 simulations | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Climate Dynamics | Abbreviated Journal | Clim Dyn. |
| Volume | 51 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 6511-6531 |
| Keywords | NAO-AMOC; CMIP5; NAO index; AMOC index; meridional pressure gradient; magnitude; structure change of the NAO. | ||||
| Abstract | The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a fundamental role in the climate system, and long-term climate simulations are used to understand the AMOC variability and to assess its impact. This study examines the basic characteristics of the AMOC variability in 44 CMIP5 (Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) simulations, using the 18 atmospherically-forced CORE-II (Phase 2 of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment) simulations as a reference. The analysis shows that on interannual and decadal timescales, the AMOC variability in the CMIP5 exhibits a similar magnitude and meridional coherence as in the CORE-II simulations, indicating that the modeled atmospheric variability responsible for AMOC variability in the CMIP5 is in reasonable agreement with the CORE-II forcing. On multidecadal timescales, however, the AMOC variability is weaker by a factor of more than 2 and meridionally less coherent in the CMIP5 than in the CORE-II simulations. The CMIP5 simulations also exhibit a weaker long-term atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, one cannot fully attribute the weaker AMOC variability to the weaker variability in NAO because, unlike the CORE-II simulations, the CMIP5 simulations do not exhibit a robust NAO-AMOC linkage. While the variability of the wintertime heat flux and mixed layer depth in the western subpolar North Atlantic is strongly linked to the AMOC variability, the NAO variability is not. | ||||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ rl18 @ | Serial | 981 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Chassignet, E.P.; Firing, Y.L.; Donohue, K. | ||||
| Title | Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport through Drake Passage: What can we learn from comparing high-resolution model results to observations? | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans | Abbreviated Journal | J. Geophys. Res. Oceans |
| Volume | 125 | Issue | 7 | Pages | |
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| Abstract | Uncertainty exists in the time‐mean total transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the world�s strongest ocean current. The two most recent observational programs in Drake Passage, DRAKE and cDrake, yielded transports of 141 and 173.3 Sv, respectively. In this paper, we use a realistic 1/12° global ocean simulation to interpret these observational estimates and reconcile their differences. We first show that the modeled ACC transport in the upper 1000 m is in excellent agreement with repeat shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP) transects and that the exponentially decaying transport profile in the model is consistent with the profile derived from repeat hydrographic data. By further comparing the model results to the cDrake and DRAKE observations, we argue that the modeled 157.3 Sv transport, i.e. approximately the average of the cDrake and DRAKE estimates, is actually representative of the time‐mean ACC transport through the Drake Passage. The cDrake experiment overestimated the barotropic contribution in part because the array undersampled the deep recirculation southwest of the Shackleton Fracture Zone, whereas the surface geostrophic currents used in the DRAKE estimate yielded a weaker near‐surface transport than implied by the SADCP data. We also find that the modeled baroclinic and barotropic transports are not correlated, thus monitoring either baroclinic or barotropic transport alone may be insufficient to assess the temporal variability of the total ACC transport. | ||||
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| Call Number | COAPS @ user @ | Serial | 1107 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Chassignet, E.P.; Johns, W.E.; Schmitz Jr, W.J.; Metzger, E.J. | ||||
| Title | Intraseasonal to interannual variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from eddy-resolving simulations and observations | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans | Abbreviated Journal | J. Geophys. Res. Oceans |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 5140-5159 |
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| ISSN | 2169-9275 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ mfield @ | Serial | 152 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Chassignet, E.P.; Price, J.F.; Özgökmen, T.M.; Peters, H. | ||||
| Title | A regional modeling study of the entraining Mediterranean outflow | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Geophysical Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. Geophys. Res. |
| Volume | 112 | Issue | C12 | Pages | |
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| ISSN | 0148-0227 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ mfield @ | Serial | 420 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Rhines, P.B.; Chassignet, E.P. | ||||
| Title | On Mapping the Diapycnal Water Mass Transformation of the Upper North Atlantic Ocean | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Journal of Physical Oceanography | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys. Oceanogr. |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 2233-2258 |
| Keywords | Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Boundary currents; Diapycnal mixing; Fronts; Thermocline circulation | ||||
| Abstract | Diapycnal water mass transformation is the essence behind the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the associated heat/freshwater transports. Existing studies have mostly focused on the transformation that is forced by surface buoyancy fluxes, and the role of interior mixing is much less known. This study maps the three-dimensional structure of the diapycnal transformation, both surface forced and mixing induced, using results of a high-resolution numerical model that have been shown to represent the large-scale structure of the AMOC and the North Atlantic subpolar/subtropical gyres well. The analyses show that 1) annual mean transformation takes place seamlessly from the subtropical to the subpolar North Atlantic following the surface buoyancy loss along the northward-flowing upper AMOC limb; 2) mixing, including wintertime convection and warm-season restratification by mesoscale eddies in the mixed layer and submixed layer diapycnal mixing, drives transformations of (i) Subtropical Mode Water in the southern part of the subtropical gyre and (ii) Labrador Sea Water in the Labrador Sea and on its southward path in the western Newfoundland Basin; and 3) patterns of diapycnal transformations toward lighter and denser water do not align zonally�the net three-dimensional transformation is significantly stronger than the zonally integrated, two-dimensional AMOC streamfunction (50% in the southern subtropical North Atlantic and 60% in the western subpolar North Atlantic). | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-3670 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ user @ | Serial | 951 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Rhines, P.B.; Chassignet, E.P. | ||||
| Title | Temperature-Salinity Structure of the North Atlantic Circulation and Associated Heat and Freshwater Transports | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Journal of Climate | Abbreviated Journal | J. Climate |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 21 | Pages | 7723-7742 |
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| ISSN | 0894-8755 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ mfield @ | Serial | 58 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Rhines, P.B.; Chassignet, E.P.; Schmitz Jr., W.J. | ||||
| Title | Spreading of Denmark Strait Overflow Water in the Western Subpolar North Atlantic: Insights from Eddy-Resolving Simulations with a Passive Tracer | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Physical Oceanography | Abbreviated Journal | J. Phys. Oceanogr. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 2913-2932 |
| Keywords | Circulation/ Dynamics; Abyssal circulation; Boundary currents; Ocean circulation; Ocean dynamics; Potential vorticity; Topographic effects | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-3670 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Call Number | COAPS @ mfield @ | Serial | 116 | ||
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| Author |
Xu, X.; Schmitz Jr., W.J.; Hurlburt, H.E.; Hogan, P.J.; Chassignet, E.P. | ||||
| Title | Transport of Nordic Seas overflow water into and within the Irminger Sea: An eddy-resolving simulation and observations | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Journal of Geophysical Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. Geophys. Res. |
| Volume | 115 | Issue | C12 | Pages | |
| Keywords | transport; overflow water; Nordic Seas; North Atlantic Deep Water; Irminger Sea; Reykjanes Ridge | ||||
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| ISSN | 0148-0227 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ mfield @ | Serial | 367 | ||
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| Author |
Zeng, L.; Chassignet, E.P.; Schmitt, R.W.; Xu, X.; Wang, D. | ||||
| Title | Salinification in the South China Sea Since Late 2012: A Reversal of the Freshening Since the 1990s | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Geophysical Research Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Geophys. Res. Lett. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 2744-2751 |
| Keywords | South China Sea; salinification; Argo floats; Aquarius; SMAP; PDO | ||||
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| ISSN | 0094-8276 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Funding | Approved | $loc['no'] | |||
| Call Number | COAPS @ mfield @ | Serial | 853 | ||
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| Author |
Zhao, X.; Zhou, C.; Xu, X.; Ye, R.; Tian, J.; Zhao, W. | ||||
| Title | Deep Circulation in the South China Sea Simulated in a Regional Model | Type | $loc['typeJournal Article'] | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Ocean Sci. Discuss | Abbreviated Journal | Ocean Sci. Discuss |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Sea Marine, Oceanography/CIMST, PacificOcean, continuous current-meter, deep circulation, deep western boundary | ||||
| Abstract | The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, deep circulation in the SCS is investigated using results from eddy-resolving, regional simulations using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) verified by continuous current-meter observations. Analysis of these results provides a detailed spatial structure and temporal variability of the deep circulation in the SCS. The major features of the SCS deep circulation are a basin-scale cyclonic gyre and a concentrated deep western boundary current (DWBC). Transport of the DWBC is ∼ 2 Sv at 16.5° N with a width of ∼53 km. Flowing southwestward, the narrow DWBC becomes weaker with a wider range. The model results reveal the existence of 80- to 120-day oscillation in the deep northeastern circulation and the DWBC, which are also the areas with elevated eddy kinetic energy. This intraseasonal oscillation propagates northwestward with a velocity amplitude of ∼ 1.0 to 1.5 cm s-1. The distribution of mixing parameters in the deep SCS plays a role in both spatial structure and volume transport of the deep circulation. Compared with the northern shelf of the SCS with the Luzon Strait, deep circulation in the SCS is more sensitive to the large vertical mixing parameters of the Zhongsha Island Chain area. | ||||
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| Call Number | COAPS @ user @ | Serial | 1013 | ||
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