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Liu, M. ; Lin, J. ; Wang, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Zheng, B. ; Shao, J. ; Chen, L. ; Zheng, Y. ; Chen, J. ; Fu, T.-M. ; Yan, Y. ; Zhang, Q. ; Wu, Z.
Title
Spatiotemporal variability of NO2 and PM2.5 over Eastern China: observational and model analyses with a novel statistical method
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2018
Publication
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Abbreviated Journal
Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Volume
18
Issue
17
Pages
12933-12952
Keywords
TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE ; PROVINCIAL CAPITAL CITIES ; CRITERIA AIR-POLLUTANTS ; BOUNDARY-LAYER ; NORTH CHINA ; HILBERT SPECTRUM ; UNITED-STATES ; TIME-SERIES ; OZONE ; EMISSIONS
Abstract
Eastern China (27-41 degrees N, 110-123 degrees E) is heavily polluted by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and other air pollutants. These pollutants vary on a variety of temporal and spatial scales, with many temporal scales that are nonperiodic and nonstationary, challenging proper quantitative characterization and visualization. This study uses a newly compiled EOF-EEMD analysis visualization package to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of ground-level NO2, PM2.5, and their associations with meteorological processes over Eastern China in fall-winter 2013. Applying the package to observed hourly pollutant data reveals a primary spatial pattern representing Eastern China synchronous variation in time, which is dominated by diurnal variability with a much weaker day-to-day signal. A secondary spatial mode, representing north-south opposing changes in time with no constant period, is characterized by wind-related dilution or a buildup of pollutants from one day to another. We further evaluate simulations of nested GEOS-Chem v9-02 and WRF/CMAQ v5.0.1 in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of pollutants. GEOS-Chem underestimates NO2 by about 17 mu g m(-3) and PM2.5 by 35 mu g m(-3 )on average over fall-winter 2013. It reproduces the diurnal variability for both pollutants. For the day-to-day variation, GEOS-Chem reproduces the observed north-south contrasting mode for both pollutants but not the Eastern China synchronous mode (especially for NO2). The model errors are due to a first model layer too thick (about 130 m) to capture the near-surface vertical gradient, deficiencies in the nighttime nitrogen chemistry in the first layer, and missing secondary organic aerosols and anthropogenic dust. CMAQ overestimates the diurnal cycle of pollutants due to too-weak boundary layer mixing, especially in the nighttime, and overestimates NO2 by about 30 mu g m(-3) and PM2.5 by 60 mu g m(-3). For the day-to-day variability, CMAQ reproduces the observed Eastern China synchronous mode but not the north-south opposing mode of NO2. Both models capture the day-to-day variability of PM2.5 better than that of NO2. These results shed light on model improvement. The EOF-EEMD package is freely available for noncommercial uses.
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Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
1680-7324
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
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Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
946
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Author
Roberts, M.J. ; Jackson, L.C. ; Roberts, C.D. ; Meccia, V. ; Docquier, D. ; Koenigk, T. ; Ortega, P. ; Moreno‐ ; Chamarro, E. ; Bellucci, A. ; Coward, A. ; Drijfhout, S. ; Exarchou, E. ; Gutjahr, O. ; Hewitt, H. ; Iovino, D. ; Lohmann, K. ; Putrasahan, D. ; Schiemann, R. ; Seddon, J. ; Terray, L. ; Xu, X. ; Zhang, Q. ; Chang, P. ; Yeager, S.G. ; Castruccio, F.S. ; Zhang. C. ; Wu, L.
Title
Sensitivity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Model Resolution in CMIP6 HighResMIP Simulations and Implications for Future Changes
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2020
Publication
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Abbreviated Journal
J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.
Volume
Issue
Pages
Accepted
Keywords
Abstract
A multi‐model, multi‐resolution ensemble using CMIP6 HighResMIP coupled experiments is used to assess the performance of key aspects of the North Atlantic circulation. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and related heat transport, tends to become stronger as ocean model resolution is enhanced, better agreeing with observations at 26.5°N. However for most models the circulation remains too shallow compared to observations, and has a smaller temperature contrast between the northward and southward limbs of the AMOC. These biases cause the northward heat transport to be systematically too low for a given overturning strength. The higher resolution models also tend to have too much deep mixing in the subpolar gyre. In the period 2015‐2050 the overturning circulation tends to decline more rapidly in the higher resolution models, which is related to both the mean state and to the subpolar gyre contribution to deep water formation. The main part of the decline comes from the Florida Current component of the circulation. Such large declines in AMOC are not seen in the models with resolutions more typically used for climate studies, suggesting an enhanced risk for Northern Hemisphere climate change. However, only a small number of different ocean models are included in the study.
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Summary Language
Original Title
Series Editor
Series Title
Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume
Series Issue
Edition
ISSN
ISBN
Medium
Area
Expedition
Conference
Funding
Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
1109
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