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Cronin, M.F. ; Gentemann, C.L. ; Edson, J. ; Ueki, I. ; Bourassa, M. ; Brown, S. ; Clayson, C.A. ; Fairall, C.W. ; Farrar, J.T. ; Gille, S.T. ; Gulev, S. ; Josey, S.A. ; Kato, S. ; Katsumata, M. ; Kent, E. ; Krug, M. ; Minnett, P.J. ; Parfitt, R. ; Pinker, R.T. ; Stackhouse Jr., P.W. ; Swart, S. ; Tomita, H. ; Vandemark, D. ; Weller, A.R. ; Yoneyama, K. ; Yu, L. ; Zhang, D.
Title
Air-Sea Fluxes With a Focus on Heat and Momentum
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2019
Publication
Frontiers in Marine Science
Abbreviated Journal
Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume
6
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Turbulent and radiative exchanges of heat between the ocean and atmosphere (hereafter heat fluxes), ocean surface wind stress, and state variables used to estimate them, are Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) and Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) influencing weather and climate. This paper describes an observational strategy for producing 3-hourly, 25-km (and an aspirational goal of hourly at 10-km) heat flux and wind stress fields over the global, ice-free ocean with breakthrough 1-day random uncertainty of 15 W m–2 and a bias of less than 5 W m–2. At present this accuracy target is met only for OceanSITES reference station moorings and research vessels (RVs) that follow best practices. To meet these targets globally, in the next decade, satellite-based observations must be optimized for boundary layer measurements of air temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature, and ocean wind stress. In order to tune and validate these satellite measurements, a complementary global in situ flux array, built around an expanded OceanSITES network of time series reference station moorings, is also needed. The array would include 500–1000 measurement platforms, including autonomous surface vehicles, moored and drifting buoys, RVs, the existing OceanSITES network of 22 flux sites, and new OceanSITES expanded in 19 key regions. This array would be globally distributed, with 1–3 measurement platforms in each nominal 10° by 10° box. These improved moisture and temperature profiles and surface data, if assimilated into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, would lead to better representation of cloud formation processes, improving state variables and surface radiative and turbulent fluxes from these models. The in situ flux array provides globally distributed measurements and metrics for satellite algorithm development, product validation, and for improving satellite-based, NWP and blended flux products. In addition, some of these flux platforms will also measure direct turbulent fluxes, which can be used to improve algorithms for computation of air-sea exchange of heat and momentum in flux products and models. With these improved air-sea fluxes, the ocean’s influence on the atmosphere will be better quantified and lead to improved long-term weather forecasts, seasonal-interannual-decadal climate predictions, and regional climate projections.
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ISSN
2296-7745
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Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
1067
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Author
Villas Bôas, A.B. ; Ardhuin, F. ; Ayet, A. ; Bourassa, M.A. ; Brandt, P. ; Chapron, B. ; Cornuelle, B.D. ; Farrar, J.T. ; Fewings, M.R. ; Fox-Kemper, B. ; Gille, S.T. ; Gommenginger, C. ; Heimbach, P. ; Hell, M.C. ; Li, Q. ; Mazloff, M.R. ; Merrifield, S.T. ; Mouche, A. ; Rio, M.H. ; Rodriguez, E. ; Shutler, J.D. ; Subramanian, A.C. ; Terrill, E.J. ; Tsamados, M. ; Ubelmann, C. ; van Sebille, E.
Title
Integrated Observations of Global Surface Winds, Currents, and Waves: Requirements and Challenges for the Next Decade
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2019
Publication
Frontiers in Marine Science
Abbreviated Journal
Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume
6
Issue
Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Ocean surface winds, currents, and waves play a crucial role in exchanges of momentum, energy, heat, freshwater, gases, and other tracers between the ocean, atmosphere, and ice. Despite surface waves being strongly coupled to the upper ocean circulation and the overlying atmosphere, efforts to improve ocean, atmospheric, and wave observations and models have evolved somewhat independently. From an observational point of view, community efforts to bridge this gap have led to proposals for satellite Doppler oceanography mission concepts, which could provide unprecedented measurements of absolute surface velocity and directional wave spectrum at global scales. This paper reviews the present state of observations of surface winds, currents, and waves, and it outlines observational gaps that limit our current understanding of coupled processes that happen at the air-sea-ice interface. A significant challenge for the coming decade of wind, current, and wave observations will come in combining and interpreting measurements from (a) wave-buoys and high-frequency radars in coastal regions, (b) surface drifters and wave-enabled drifters in the open-ocean, marginal ice zones, and wave-current interaction �hot-spots,� and (c) simultaneous measurements of absolute surface currents, ocean surface wind vector, and directional wave spectrum from Doppler satellite sensors.
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Series Editor
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2296-7745
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$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
1064
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Author
Stukel, M.R. ; Ohman, M.D. ; Kelly, T.B. ; Biard, T.
Title
The Roles of Suspension-Feeding and Flux-Feeding Zooplankton as Gatekeepers of Particle Flux Into the Mesopelagic Ocean in the Northeast Pacific
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2019
Publication
Frontiers in Marine Science
Abbreviated Journal
Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume
6
Issue
Pages
Keywords
biological pump ; carbon export ; remineralization length scale ; mesozooplankton ecology ; pteropods ; marine biogeochemistry ; sinking particles ; marine snow
Abstract
Zooplankton are important consumers of sinking particles in the ocean's twilight zone. However, the impact of different taxa depends on their feeding mode. In contrast to typical suspension-feeding zooplankton, flux-feeding taxa preferentially consume rapidly sinking particles that would otherwise penetrate into the deep ocean. To quantify the potential impact of two flux-feeding zooplankton taxa [Aulosphaeridae (Rhizaria), and Limacina helicina (euthecosome pteropod)] and the total suspension-feeding zooplankton community, we measured depth-stratified abundances of these organisms during six cruises in the California Current Ecosystem. Using allometric-scaling relationships, we computed the percentage of carbon flux intercepted by flux feeders and suspension feeders. These estimates were compared to direct measurements of carbon flux attenuation (CFA) made using drifting sediment traps and U-238-Th-234 disequilibrium. We found that CFA in the shallow twilight zone typically ranged from 500 to 1000 m mol organic C flux remineralized per 10-m vertical depth bin. This equated to approximately 6-10% of carbon flux remineralized/10 m. The two flux-feeding taxa considered in this study could account for a substantial proportion of this flux near the base of the euphotic zone. The mean flux attenuation attributable to Aulosphaeridae was 0.69%/10 m (median = 0.21%/10 m, interquartile range = 0.04-0.81%) at their depth of maximum abundance (similar to 100 m), which would equate to similar to 10% of total flux attenuation in this depth range. The maximum flux attenuation attributable to Aulosphaeridae reached 4.2%/10 m when these protists were most abundant. L. helicina, meanwhile, could intercept 0.45-1.6% of carbon flux/10 m, which was slightly greater (on average) than the Aulosphaeridae. In contrast, suspension-feeding zooplankton in the mesopelagic (including copepods, euphausiids, appendicularians, and ostracods) had combined clearance rates of 2-81 L m(-3) day(-1) (mean of 19.6 L m(-3) day(-1)). This implies a substantial impact on slowly sinking particles, but a negligible impact on the presumably rapidly sinking fecal pellets that comprised the majority of the material collected in sediment traps. Our results highlight the need for a greater research focus on the many taxa that potentially act as flux feeders in the oceanic twilight zone.
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Series Editor
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2296-7745
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$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
1066
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Author
Armstrong, E.M. ; Bourassa, M.A. ; Cram, T.A. ; DeBellis, M. ; Elya, J. ; Greguska III, F.R. ; Huang, T. ; Jacob, J.C. ; Ji, Z. ; Jiang, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Quach, N. ; McGibbney, L. ; Smith, S. ; Tsontos, V.M. ; Wilson, B. ; Worley, S.J. ; Yang, C. ; Yam, E.
Title
An Integrated Data Analytics Platform
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2019
Publication
Frontiers in Marine Science
Abbreviated Journal
Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume
6
Issue
Pages
354
Keywords
Abstract
An Integrated Science Data Analytics Platform is an environment that enables the confluence of resources for scientific investigation. It harmonizes data, tools and computational resources to enable the research community to focus on the investigation rather than spending time on security, data preparation, management, etc. OceanWorks is a NASA technology integration project to establish a cloud-based Integrated Ocean Science Data Analytics Platform for big ocean science at NASA’s Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) for big ocean science. It focuses on advancement and maturity by bringing together several NASA open-source, big data projects for parallel analytics, anomaly detection, in situ to satellite data matchup, quality-screened data subsetting, search relevancy, and data discovery. Our communities are relying on data available through distributed data centers to conduct their research. In typical investigations, scientists would (1) search for data, (2) evaluate the relevance of that data, (3) download it, and (4) then apply algorithms to identify trends, anomalies, or other attributes of the data. Such a workflow cannot scale if the research involves a massive amount of data or multi-variate measurements. With the upcoming NASA Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission expected to produce over 20PB of observational data during its 3-year nominal mission, the volume of data will challenge all existing Earth Science data archival, distribution and analysis paradigms. This paper discusses how OceanWorks enhances the analysis of physical ocean data where the computation is done on an elastic cloud platform next to the archive to deliver fast, web-accessible services for working with oceanographic measurements.
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Series Editor
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2296-7745
ISBN
Medium
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Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
1042
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Author
Stukel, M.R. ; Barbeau, K.A.
Title
Investigating the Nutrient Landscape in a Coastal Upwelling Region and Its Relationship to the Biological Carbon Pump
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2020
Publication
Geophysical Research Letters
Abbreviated Journal
Geophys. Res. Lett.
Volume
47
Issue
6
Pages
e2020GL087351
Keywords
Abstract
We investigated nutrient patterns and their relationship to vertical carbon export using results from 38 Lagrangian experiments in the California Current Ecosystem. The dominant mode of variability reflected onshore-offshore nutrient gradients. A secondary mode of variability was correlated with silica excess and dissolved iron and likely reflects regional patterns of iron-limitation. The biological carbon pump was enhanced in high nutrient and Fe-stressed regions. Patterns in the nutrient landscape proved to be better predictors of the vertical flux of sinking particles than contemporaneous measurements of net primary production. Our results suggest an important role for Fe-stressed diatoms in vertical carbon flux. They also suggest that either preferential recycling of N or non-Redfieldian nutrient uptake by diatoms may lead to high PO:NO and Si(OH):NO ratios, following export of P- and Si-enriched organic matter. Increased export following Fe-stress may partially explain inverse relationships between net primary productivity and export efficiency.
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ISSN
0094-8276
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$loc['no']
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COAPS @ user @
Serial
1112
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Author
O'hara, S. H. ; Arko, R. A. ; Clark, D. ; Chandler, C. L. ; Elya, J. L. ; Ferrini, V. L. ; McLain, K. ; Olson, C. J. ; Sellers, C. J. ; Smith, S. R. ; Stocks, K. I. ; Stolp, L. ; Carbotte, S. M.
Title
Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) Program Data Services for the Oceanographic Research Community
Type
$loc['typeAbstract']
Year
2018
Publication
American Geophysical Union
Abbreviated Journal
AGU
Volume
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2018
Issue
Pages
Keywords
OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL
Abstract
Research vessels supported by NSF are critical platforms contributing to academic oceanographic research in the US. The “underway” data sets obtained from the continuously operating geophysical, water column, and meteorological sensors aboard these vessels provide characterization of basic environmental conditions for the oceans and are of high scientific value for building global syntheses, climatologies, and historical time series of ocean properties (e.g the World Ocean Atlas, the GMRT bathymetric synthesis, ICOADS). The Rolling deck to Repository program (www.rvdata.us) provides a central shore-side data gateway that ensures the basic documentation, assessment and submission of all environmental data from ship operators to the NOAA long-term archives for these data. R2R provides a set of data services for the oceanographic research community, including: publishing an online, searchable and browsable master cruise catalog, supported by cruise and data set DOIs; organizing, archiving, and disseminating original underway data and documents; assessing data quality on select data types; creating select post-field data products; and supporting at-sea event logging. In this presentation we will discuss new developments in R2R data services and challenges associated with ship-based data management. A significant challenge is the dramatic increase in data volumes associated with new sensors (e.g. the EK80 Sonar systems) whereby individual cruise distributions can be several terabytes. Ship operators, R2R and NCEI must design a way to move and store these growing volumes. R2R is also working to make information more accessible and complete. A new website has been launched along with API web services that allow users to find and use data more easily. R2R is working to improve device metadata, including working to identify the time sources for all environmental sensors to support accurate comparison and merging of data sets.
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$loc['no']
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COAPS @ user @
Serial
1020
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Author
Ahern, Kyle K.
Title
Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure during Intensity Change: An Observational and Numerical Analysis
Type
$loc['typeManuscript']
Year
2019
Publication
Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences
Abbreviated Journal
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$loc['no']
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COAPS @ user @
Serial
1103
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Author
Carstens, J
Title
Tropical Cyclogenesis from Self-aggregated Convection in Numerical Simulations of Rotating Radiative-convective Equilibrium
Type
$loc['typeManuscript']
Year
2019
Publication
Dissertations & Theses
Abbreviated Journal
Dissertations & Theses
Volume
Issue
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Keywords
Abstract
Organized convection is of critical importance in the tropical atmosphere. Recent advances in numerical modeling have revealed that moist convection can interact with its environment to transition from a quasi-random to organized state. This phenomenon, known as convective self-aggregation,is aided by feedbacks involving clouds, water vapor, and radiation that increase the spatial variance of column-integrated frozen moist static energy. Prior studies have shown self-aggregation to takeseveral different forms, including that of spontaneous tropical cyclogenesis in an environment of rotating radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). This study expands upon previous work to address the processes leading to tropical cyclogenesis in this rotating RCE framework. More specifically,a three-dimensional, cloud-resolving numerical model is used to examine the self-aggregation of convection and potential cyclogenesis, and the background planetary vorticity is varied on an f-plane across simulations to represent a range of deep tropical and near-equatorial environments.Convection is initialized randomly in an otherwise homogeneous environment, with no background wind, precursor disturbance, or other synoptic-scale forcing.All simulations with planetary vorticity corresponding to latitudes from 10°to 20°generate intense tropical cyclones, with maximum wind speeds of 80 m s−1or above. Time to genesis varies widely, even within a five-member ensemble of 20°simulations, reflecting a potential degree of stochastic variability based in part on the initial random distribution of convection. Shared across this so-called “high-f” group is the emergence of a midlevel vortex in the days leading to genesis,which has dynamic and thermodynamic implications on its environment that facilitate the spinup of a low-level vortex. Tropical cyclogenesis is possible in this model even at values of Coriolis parameter as low as that representative of 1°. In these experiments, convection self-aggregates into a quasi-circular cluster, which then begins to rotate and gradually strengthen into a tropical storm, aided by near-surface inflow and shallow overturning radial circulations aloft within the aggregated cluster. Other experiments at these lower Coriolis parameters instead self-aggregate into an elongated band and fail to undergo cyclogenesis over the 100-day simulation. A large portion of this study is devoted to examining in greater detail the dynamic and thermodynamic evolution of cyclogenesis in these experiments and comparing the physical mechanisms to current theories.
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Florida State University - FCLA; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global
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$loc['no']
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COAPS @ user @
Serial
1054
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Author
Ali, M.M.
Title
Is it high time to use ocean mean temperature for monsoon prediction?
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2020
Publication
Atmosphera
Abbreviated Journal
Atmosphera
Volume
Issue
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Abstract
A monsoon is a seasonal reversal in the prevailing wind direction, that is usually initiated by the land sea temperature contrast. The Indian summer monsoon, for example, is triggered when the land gets heated up more than the surrounding sea during the summer creating a pressure gradient between the land and the sea. It is well known that the ocean thermal energy required for fueling monsoon circulations comes from the upper layer of the ocean (e.g. Venugopal et al. 2018). But such amount of energy does not come from the top thin layer represented by sea surface temperature (SST) alone. Nevertheless, often SST does not represent the thermal energy available in the upper ocean, although this parameter has been the only oceanographic input to the cyclone and monsoon atmospheric numerical and statistical models.
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$loc['no']
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COAPS @ user @
Serial
1116
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Author
Kumar, V. ; Jana, S. ; Bhardwaj, A. ; Deepa, R. ; Sahu, S.K. ; Pradhan, P.K. ; Sirdas, S.A.
Title
Greenhouse Gas Emission, Rainfall and Crop Production Over North-Western India
Type
$loc['typeJournal Article']
Year
2018
Publication
The Open Ecology Journal
Abbreviated Journal
TOECOLJ
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
47-61
Keywords
Greenhouse gases, CH4, Climate Variability, Emissions, Crop production, Rainfall.
Abstract
Background: This study is based on datasets acquired from multi sources e.g. rain-gauges, satellite, reanalysis and coupled model for the region of Northwestern India. The influence of rainfall on crop production is obvious and direct. With the climate change and global warming, greenhouse gases are also showing an adverse impact on crop production. Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2, NO2 and CH4) have shown an increasing trend over Northwestern Indian region. In recent years, rainfall has also shown an increasing trend over Northwestern India, while the production of rice and maize are reducing over the region. From eight selected sites, over Northwestern India, where rice and maize productions have reduced by 40%, with an increase in CO2, NO2 and CH4 gas emission by 5% from 1998 to 2011. Results: The correlation from one year to another between rainfall, gas emission and crop production was not very robust throughout the study period, but seemed to be stronger for some years than others. Conclusion: Such trends and crop yield are attributed to rainfall, greenhouse gas emissions and to the climate variability.
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Series Editor
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Edition
ISSN
1874-2130
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Approved
$loc['no']
Call Number
COAPS @ user @
Serial
1017
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