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Author Deng, J. ; Wu, Z. ; Zhang, M. ; Huang, N.E. ; Wang, S. ; Qiao, F.
Title Using Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis to quantify the modulation of Dansgaard-Oeschger events by obliquity Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2018 Publication Quaternary Science Reviews Abbreviated Journal Quaternary Science Reviews
Volume 192
Issue Pages 282-299
Keywords Pleistocene ; Paleoclimatology ; Greenland ; Antarctica ; Data treatment ; Data analysis ; Dansgaard-oeschger (DO) events ; Obliquity forcing ; Phase preference ; Holo-hilbert spectral analysis ; Amplitude modulation ; EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION ; GREENLAND ICE-CORE ; NONSTATIONARY TIME-SERIES ; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE ; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD ; NORTH-ATLANTIC ; MILLENNIAL-SCALE ; RECORDS ; VARIABILITY ; CYCLE
Abstract Astronomical forcing (obliquity and precession) has been thought to modulate Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events, yet the detailed quantification of such modulations has not been examined. In this study, we apply the novel Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HHSA) to five polar ice core records, quantifying astronomical forcing's time-varying amplitude modulation of DO events and identifying the preferred obliquity phases for large amplitude modulations. The unique advantages of HHSA over the widely used windowed Fourier spectral analysis for quantifying astronomical forcing's nonlinear modulations of DO events is first demonstrated with a synthetic data that closely resembles DO events recorded in Greenland ice cores (NGRIP, GRIP, and GISP2 cores on GICC05 modelext timescale). The analysis of paleoclimatic proxies show that statistically significantly more frequent DO events, with larger amplitude modulation in the Greenland region, tend to occur in the decreasing phase of obliquity, especially from its mean value to its minimum value. In the eastern Antarctic, although statistically significantly more DO events tend to occur in the decreasing obliquity phase in general, the preferred phase of obliquity for large amplitude modulation on DO events is a segment of the increasing phase near the maximum obliquity, implying that the physical mechanisms of DO events may be different for the two polar regions. Additionally, by using cross-spectrum and magnitude-squared analyses, Greenland DO mode at a timescale of about 1400 years leads the Antarctic DO mode at the same timescale by about 1000 years. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ISSN 0277-3791
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Serial 971
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Author Deng, J. ; Wu, Z. ; Zhang, M. ; Huang, N.E. ; Wang, S. ; Qiao, F.
Title Data concerning statistical relation between obliquity and Dansgaard-Oeschger events Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Abbreviated Journal Data Brief
Volume 23
Issue Pages
Keywords Dansgaard-Oeschger events ; Obliquity ; Surrogate data ; Time-varying Shannon entropy
Abstract Data presented are related to the research article entitled “Using Holo-Hilbert spectral analysis to quantify the modulation of Dansgaard-Oeschger events by obliquity” (J. Deng et al., 2018). The datasets in Deng et al. (2018) are analyzed on the foundation of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) (Z.H. Wu and N.E. Huang, 2009), and reveal more occurrences of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events in the decreasing phase of obliquity. Here, we report the number of significant high Shannon entropy (SE) (C.E. Shannon and W. Weaver, 1949) of 95% significance level of DO events in the increasing and decreasing phases of obliquity, respectively. First, the proxy time series are filtered by EEMD to obtain DO events. Then, the time-varying SE of DO modes are calculated on the basis of principle of histogram. The 95% significance level is evaluated through surrogate data (T. Schreiber and A. Schmitz, 1996). Finally, a comparison between the numbers of SE values that are larger than 95% significance level in the increasing and decreasing phases of obliquity, respectively, is reported.
Address Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modelling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, PR China
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English
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ISSN 2352-3409
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Funding strtoupper('3').strtolower('1372394'); strtoupper('P').strtolower('MC6660458')
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Serial 1068
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Author Domingues, R. ; Kuwano-Yoshida, A. ; Chardon-Maldonado, P. ; Todd, R.E. ; Halliwell, G. ; Kim, H.-S. ; Lin, I.-I. ; Sato, K. ; Narazaki, T. ; Shay, L.K. ; Miles, T. ; Glenn, S. ; Zhang, J.A. ; Jayne, S.R. ; Centurioni, L. ; Le Hénaff, M. ; Foltz, G.R. ; Bringas, F. ; Ali, M.M. ; DiMarco, S.F. ; Hosoda, S. ; Fukuoka, T. ; LaCour, B. ; Mehra, A. ; Sanabia, E.R. ; Gyakum, J.R. ; Dong, J. ; Knaff, J.A. ; Goni, G.
Title Ocean Observations in Support of Studies and Forecasts of Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume 6
Issue Pages 446
Keywords
Abstract Over the past decade, measurements from the climate-oriented ocean observing system have been key to advancing the understanding of extreme weather events that originate and intensify over the ocean, such as tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical bomb cyclones (ECs). In order to foster further advancements to predict and better understand these extreme weather events, a need for a dedicated observing system component specifically to support studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs has been identified, but such a system has not yet been implemented. New technologies, pilot networks, targeted deployments of instruments, and state-of-the art coupled numerical models have enabled advances in research and forecast capabilities and illustrate a potential framework for future development. Here, applications and key results made possible by the different ocean observing efforts in support of studies and forecasts of TCs and ECs, as well as recent advances in observing technologies and strategies are reviewed. Then a vision and specific recommendations for the next decade are discussed.
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ISSN 2296-7745
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Serial 1043
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Author Dukhovskoy, D.S. ; Yashayaev, I. ; Proshutinsky, A. ; Bamber, J.L. ; Bashmachnikov, I.L. ; Chassignet, E.P. ; Lee, C.M. ; Tedstone, A.J.
Title Role of Greenland Freshwater Anomaly in the Recent Freshening of the Subpolar North Atlantic Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Abbreviated Journal J. Geophys. Res. Oceans
Volume 124
Issue 5
Pages 3333-3360
Keywords Greenland ice sheet melting ; freshwater anomaly ; subpolar North Atlantic ; subpolar gyre ; passive tracer numerical experiment ; freshwater budget
Abstract The cumulative Greenland freshwater flux anomaly has exceeded 5000 km3 since the 1990s. The volume of this surplus fresh water is expected to cause substantial freshening in the North Atlantic. Analysis of hydrographic observations in the subpolar seas reveal freshening signals in the 2010s. The sources of this freshening are yet to be determined. In this study, the relationship between the surplus Greenland freshwater flux and this freshening is tested by analyzing the propagation of the Greenland freshwater anomaly and its impact on salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic based on observational data and numerical experiments with and without the Greenland runoff. A passive tracer is continuously released during the simulations at freshwater sources along the coast of Greenland to track the Greenland freshwater anomaly. Tracer budget analysis shows that 44% of the volume of the Greenland freshwater anomaly is retained in the subpolar North Atlantic by the end of the simulation. This volume is sufficient to cause strong freshening in the subpolar seas if it stays in the upper 50�100 m. However, in the model the anomaly is mixed down to several hundred meters of the water column resulting in smaller magnitudes of freshening compared to the observations. Therefore, the simulations suggest that the accelerated Greenland melting would not be sufficient to cause the observed freshening in the subpolar seas and other sources of fresh water have contributed to the freshening. Impacts on salinity in the subpolar seas of the freshwater transport through Fram Strait and precipitation are discussed.
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ISSN 2169-9275
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Serial 1029
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Author Fender, C.K. ; Kelly, T.B. ; Guidi, L. ; Ohman, M.D. ; Smith, M.C. ; Stukel, M.R.
Title Investigating Particle Size-Flux Relationships and the Biological Pump Across a Range of Plankton Ecosystem States From Coastal to Oligotrophic Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume 6
Issue Pages
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ISSN 2296-7745
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Serial 1074
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Author Fox-Kemper, B. ; Adcroft, A. ; Böning, C.W. ; Chassignet, E.P. ; Curchitser, E. ; Danabasoglu, G. ; Eden, C. ; England, M.H. ; Gerdes, R. ; Greatbatch, R.J. ; Griffies, S.M. ; Hallberg, R.W. ; Hanert, E. ; Heimbach, P. ; Hewitt, H.T. ; Hill, C.N. ; Komuro, Y. ; Legg, S. ; Le Sommer, J. ; Masina, S. ; Marsland, S.J. ; Penny, S.G. ; Qiao, F. ; Ringler, T.D. ; Treguier, A.M. ; Tsujino, H. ; Uotila, P. ; Yeager, S.G.
Title Challenges and Prospects in Ocean Circulation Models Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume 6
Issue Pages
Keywords Southern Ocean ; Overturning Circulation: Regional sea level ; submesoscale ; ice shelves ; turbulence
Abstract We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al. (2010). Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding, numerics, spatial discretization, grid configurations, parameterizations, data assimilation, environmental monitoring, and process-level observations and modeling. Important large scale applications over the last decade are simulations of the Southern Ocean, the Meridional Overturning Circulation and its variability, and regional sea level change. Submesoscale variability is now routinely resolved in process models and permitted in a few global models, and submesoscale effects are parameterized in most global models. The scales where nonhydrostatic effects become important are beginning to be resolved in regional and process models. Coupling to sea ice, ice shelves, and high-resolution atmospheric models has stimulated new ideas and driven improvements in numerics. Observations have provided insight into turbulence and mixing around the globe and its consequences are assessed through perturbed physics models. Relatedly, parameterizations of the mixing and overturning processes in boundary layers and the ocean interior have improved. New diagnostics being used for evaluating models alongside present and novel observations are briefly referenced. The overall goal is summarizing new developments in ocean modeling, including how new and existing observations can be used, what modeling challenges remain, and how simulations can be used to support observations.
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ISSN 2296-7745
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Serial 1011
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Author Freeman, E. ; Kent, E.C. ; Brohan, P. ; Cram, T. ; Gates, L. ; Huang, B. ; Liu, C. ; Smith, S.R. ; Worley, S.J. ; Zhang, H.-M.
Title The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set – Meeting Users Needs and Future Priorities Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal Front. Mar. Sci.
Volume 6
Issue Pages 435
Keywords
Abstract The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a collection and archive of in situ marine observations, which has been developed over several decades as an international project and recently guided by formal international partnerships and the ICOADS Steering Committee. ICOADS contains observations from many different observing systems encompassing the evolution of measurement technology since the 18th century. ICOADS provides an integrated source of observations for a range of applications including research and climate monitoring, and forms the main marine in situ surface data source, e.g., near-surface ocean observations and lower atmospheric marine-meteorological observations from buoys, ships, coastal stations, and oceanographic sensors, for oceanic and atmospheric research and reanalysis. ICOADS has developed ways to incorporate user and reanalyses feedback information associated with permanent unique identifiers and is also the main repository for data that have been rescued from ships’ logbooks and other marine data digitization activities. ICOADS has been adopted widely because it provides convenient access to a range of observation types, globally, and through the entire marine instrumental record. ICOADS has provided a secure home for such observations for decades. Because of the increased volume of observations, particularly those available in near-real-time, and an expansion of their diversity, the ICOADS processing system now requires extensive modernization. Based on user feedback, we will outline the improvements that are required, the challenges to their implementation, and the benefits of upgrading this important and diverse marine archive and distribution activity.
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ISSN 2296-7745
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Serial 1041
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Author Gentemann, C.L. ; Clayson, C.A. ; Brown, S. ; Lee, T. ; Parfitt, R. ; Farrar, J.T. ; Bourassa, M. ; Minnett, P.J. ; Seo, H. ; Gille, S.T. ; Zlotnicki, V.
Title FluxSat: Measuring the Ocean-Atmosphere Turbulent Exchange of Heat and Moisture from Space Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2020 Publication Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal Remote Sensing
Volume 12
Issue 11
Pages 1796
Keywords air-sea interactions ; mesoscale ; fluxes
Abstract Recent results using wind and sea surface temperature data from satellites and high-resolution coupled models suggest that mesoscale ocean-atmosphere interactions affect the locations and evolution of storms and seasonal precipitation over continental regions such as the western US and Europe. The processes responsible for this coupling are difficult to verify due to the paucity of accurate air-sea turbulent heat and moisture flux data. These fluxes are currently derived by combining satellite measurements that are not coincident and have differing and relatively low spatial resolutions, introducing sampling errors that are largest in regions with high spatial and temporal variability. Observational errors related to sensor design also contribute to increased uncertainty. Leveraging recent advances in sensor technology, we here describe a satellite mission concept, FluxSat, that aims to simultaneously measure all variables necessary for accurate estimation of ocean-atmosphere turbulent heat and moisture fluxes and capture the effect of oceanic mesoscale forcing. Sensor design is expected to reduce observational errors of the latent and sensible heat fluxes by almost 50%. FluxSat will improve the accuracy of the fluxes at spatial scales critical to understanding the coupled ocean-atmosphere boundary layer system, providing measurements needed to improve weather forecasts and climate model simulations.
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ISSN 2072-4292
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Serial 1111
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Author Groenen, D.
Title The Effects of Climate Change on the Pests and Diseases of Coffee Crops in Mesoamerica Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2018 Publication Journal of Climatology & Weather Forecasting Abbreviated Journal
Volume 6
Issue 3
Pages
Keywords Coffee ; Pests and diseases ; Mesoamerica ; Climate
Abstract Coffee is an in-demand commodity that is being threatened by climate change. Increasing temperatures and rainfall variability are predicted in the region of Mexico and Central America (Mesoamerica). This region is plagued with pests and diseases that have already caused millions of dollars in damages and losses to the coffee industry.This paper examines three pests that negatively affect coffee plants: the coffee borer beetle, the black twig borer,and nematodes. In addition, this paper examines three diseases that can destroy coffee crops: bacterial blight,coffee berry disease, and coffee leaf rust. This paper will review the literature on how these pests and diseases are predicted to affect coffee crops under climate change models. In general, increased temperatures will increase the spread of pest and disease in coffee crops. Projected decreased rainfall in Honduras and Nicaragua may decrease the spread of pest and disease. However, these are complex issues which still require further study.
Address Climatol Weather Forecasting
Corporate Author Thesis
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Language English
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ISSN 2332-2594
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Serial 964
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Author Groenen, Danielle Elizabeth
Title Diagnosing the Atmospheric Phenomena Associated with the Onset and Demise of the Rainy Season in Mesoamerica Type $loc['typeJournal Article']
Year 2019 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract Mexico and Central America (Mesoamerica) are situated in a complex and unique geographical position with the Caribbean Sea to the East and the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean to the West. The weather patterns of this region are driven by winds, temperatures, moisture, and orography of several mountain ranges. This study finds the dates of the onset and demise of rainfall regimes on a specific day using NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall for years 1998–2012, area-averaged over land. Using NASA’s MERRA-2 Reanalysis data, we also look at the phenomenology of the triggers of the rainy season onset and demise on the daily time-scale instead of the monthly scales used by previous studies.
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Serial 1085
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